阿里亞斯方案與中美洲國家自主和平之發展以尼加拉瓜為例

The Arias Plan and Peace Accomplishment in Central America the Case of Nicaragua

中美洲曾經是國際共黨亟欲滲透的地區，而該地區之貧窮、社會不公正和威權政府的統治方式造成了社會衝突和內戰爆發的亂象。一九七九年尼加拉瓜社會主義革命成功，不但使得中美洲更加動盪不安，也迫使美國和蘇聯相繼在中美洲日重賭注。中美洲區域和平之發展，除因美蘇對峙於八○年代後半漸趨和緩之外；拉丁美洲各國，尤其是康塔多拉集團之關切、區域內成員國自主意識之覺醒、阿里亞斯和平方案之推動，以至於中美洲各國人民望治心切而產生厭戰心態，皆有助於問題之解決。而後中美洲五國五峰會議的建制化，樹立了區域內政治行為者的信心；而兼具謀求和平與經濟整合的互動關係，不但穩定了尼加拉瓜的情勢，也緩和了薩爾瓦多和瓜地馬拉的內部衝突。

Central America was long a target for international communist penetration. Moreover, the region's poverty, social injustice, and authoritarian regimes helped lead to much social conflict and even civil war. The victory of the Sandista revolution in Nicaragua in 1979 not only increased instability in Central America but also led to heightened American and Soviet involvement in this area. Nevertheless, due to decreases in the confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the 1980s, opportunities for regional peace in Central America appeared. The self-consciousness of the Latin American countries (especially the Group of Contadora), the promotion of the Plan Arias, and the war-weariness of Central American people were the crucial points leading to this change. Later on, the institutionalization of the Central American Summit enhanced the confidence of the political actors in the area, while the interaction between peace construction and economic integration have not only stabilized the situation in Nicaragua but have also slowed down domestic conflict in El Salvador and Guatemala.