日本「政府開發援助」政策之研究－－以對中共的援助為例

Japan's Economic Assistance Policy to Mainland China

冷戰後的「中」日關係，日本以日美同盟為外交政策的基礎，透過隨時對中共政治、經濟、文化各方面的交流擴大，力圖建立穩定之國際秩序，反之，中共以對美關係的改善及情況良好的經濟為背景，試圖獲得日本的經援、及對台灣問題等進一步的讓步，因此「中」日之間不斷地展開激烈的策略互動。本文是以簽訂「中」日和平條約後，開使實施的日本對中共政府開發援助政策作為焦點。分析的中點除了描述過去的演變外，另外也討論：第一，對中共經援政策過程登中，哪些團體或各人扮演主導的角色或者獲得了利益。第二，龐大的對中共經援在「中」日關係中具有怎樣的內涵。尤其，利用政府資金有哪些政治目的？其效果如何？最後，在其援助概念規模全球化趨勢下，展望今後日本對中共經援的走向。

With the Japanese-American alliance serving as the basis of its general foreign policy, Tokyo has developed its relations with Beijing over the years by means of a continued increase in political, economic, and cultural exchanges. At the same time, with improved Sino-America ties and promising economic situation acting in its favor, Mainland China has sought to obtain from Japan both economic assistance and concessions over the Taiwan issue. The focal point of this paper also discusses the following questions: 1.Which groups or individuals have influenced or profited most from the economic assistance afforded to Mainland China? 2.With massive economic assistance as a background, what is the true meaning of Sino-Japanese relations? What in particular are the political goals present in such use of governmental resources? What have the effects of the policy been?Finally, I will take a look at the possible development of Japanese assistance to Mainland China at a time when there is a growing globalization of Tokyo's general international aid policies.