議事阻撓與少數保障之憲法規範初探

Preliminary Study on Constitutional Rules About Parliamentary Obstructions and the Protection of Minority Parties

從法規範的層面來看，議事阻撓與少數保障是兩個密不可分的概念。前者通常就是議會內之少數政黨或政治團體，為了極大化其影響力的行為表現。而後者則通常是作為界定前者的理論基礎與規範界線。議事阻撓事件的發生，受到諸如憲政體制、選舉制度、政黨體系、議事規則，乃至政治文化與議員個人行事風格等因素所影響。此類事件固然會妨礙國會立法進程，但也會發揮相當功能。但為避免議事阻撓行為癱瘓民主體制，仍須對其予以適當規範。除了透過憲法、法律或國會議事規則等規範制定途徑外，亦可透過憲法解釋途徑，一方面建置少數黨的憲政地位，另一方面清楚劃定議事阻撓行為的法律界線。

From the perspective of constitutional rules, parliamentary obstruction and protection of minority parties are two inseparable notions. Generally speaking, the former represents the actions—played by parliamentary minority parties or political alliance—that are performed in order to maximize their influence in Parliament. The latter is generally used as theoretical foundation and regulation boundary of the former. Parliamentary obstructions are affected by different factors such as constitutional regime, electoral system, party system, procedural rules in Parliament, and even political culture and personal style of legislators. While these obstructions certainly impede the legislative process, they can perform some institutional functions. It is necessary to establish appropriate rules about parliamentary obstructions in order to prevent the democratic paralysis. Other than the normative approach through the constitutional or legislative law making, the interpretative approach is also applicable. These two approaches can simultaneously build up the constitutional status of minority parties and the normative boundary of parliamentary obstructions.