俄羅斯府會之爭的探討

A Study of the Conflicts between the Russian President and the Parliament

俄羅斯聯邦於一九九一年獨立後，其府、會關係即經常處於緊張、對峙狀態。一九九三年之前的府會爭執焦點，在於新憲法的制訂及經濟改革路線的選擇。葉爾欽在這場鬥爭中以武力強行解散國會，贏得最後勝利。一九九三、九五年的「國家杜馬」選舉中，反對派（民族主義分子、共產黨）取得多數，使國會持續它與總統的對抗。在總統方面，葉爾欽雖然再次贏得九六年的總統選舉，但他的聲望已不如從前，且健康情形每下愈況，而無法在以強硬手段對付國會。而在持續不斷的府會鬥爭中被犧蘭的正是俄羅斯改革過程中最需要的立法、行政效率。

Since Russia's independence in August 1991, the relationship between its President and the Parliament has been full of strains and conflicts. Before 1993, these conflicts were focused on the issues of creating a new Russian Constitution and choosing a economic reform policy. On Oct. 1993, President Boris Yeltsin used force to smash the parliament and won the game.The opposition (nationalists and communists) won the parliamentary elections of 1993 and 1995, which enabled them to challenge the president's power. On the other hand, although Yeltsin won the presidential election in 1996, his health and popularity have deteriorated, and he no longer has the upper hand over the parliament. The continuing conflict between the president and the parliament has damaged Russia's administrative and legislative efficiency, which are urgently needed during its reform process.