青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案之形成及實施成效之初探

An Exploratory Study into the Formation and the Effect of Youth Education and Employment Saving Accounts Program

臺灣於2016年開始規劃「青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案」之實施內涵，為了解該政策方案，本研究首先以Kingdon（1984, 1995）的多元流程取徑作為分析該政策方案形成之視角。結果發現在學生直接升學缺少自我探索機會與高教學用落差的問題流、執政黨透過在行政與立法部門的優勢，營造政治氛圍催生政策的政治流，以及跨部會網絡資源配套整合的政策流匯聚下，加上政策企業家教育部長的推力，「青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案」順利產出，於2017年開始試辦。其次，本研究針對「青年教育與就業儲蓄帳戶方案」之參與，運用統計數據、文件分析及訪談，進行探討。結果顯示不管是方案申請人數或是職缺成功媒合人數，皆不符合預期。而學生選擇職場體驗者遠多於體驗學習，更映照出社會階級問題。最後基於研究所得，對於政策方案的後續整體評估與改善，提出相關建議。

It was not until 2016 that Taiwan has started to formulate the Youth Education and Employment Saving Accounts Program. Applying Kingdon’s (1984) multiple streams approach, the study firstly investigates the policy process of the program. The findings indicate that students usually entered universities right after school graduation without having a chance for self-exploration. And the reform of higher education has led to the dilution of university degrees. These became problem issues for the government. Incorporating different policy communities of administrative ministries, legislative divisions, schools and industries, the ruling party facilitated the program creation. Various projects and accompanying measures were drafted for the program. Playing the role of policy entrepreneur, the minister of education triggered the program. When the aforementioned streams of problem, politics and policy merged, the program thereafter was launched in 2017. Secondly, the study aimed to explore the program participation. Methods such as interviews and analysis of statistics, documents and literature, were employed. The study shows that the program applicants in the workplace did not reach the expected amount. Additionally, the magnitude of students entering the track of workplace was much greater than that of students choosing to continue education. It also revealed the inequalities of social classes. Finally, the implications of the study for the program evaluation and betterment were provided.