聯合國維持和平行動之發展：冷戰後國際安全的轉變

Developments in United Nations Peacekeeping: Changes in International Security Since the End of the Cold War

冷戰後維持和平行動發展，反映著國際體系的變化以及國際社對於國際安全態度的轉變。由冷戰後聯合國維持和平行動內容與方式的轉變，我們觀察到三項重要有關國際安全秩序之國際關係原則挑戰與改變：一、維和行動已經由預防外交功能擴增至許多國內行動，使得傳統國家主權原則受到挑戰；二、維和行動由冷戰期的監督停火發展到終止內戰功能，令國際和平與安全概念解釋空間為寬廣；三、維和行動由衝區角色擴充到全面重建任務，代表聯合國在維護國際安全的功能與角色不同往昔。當然這些現象也許僅是一時國際環境特殊情勢，但也可能是代表下一個世紀國際關係特質發展的方向。

The development of United Nations Peace Keeping Operations(PKO) since the end of the cold War reflects changes in the international system and new attitudes toward international security. In examining these new developments, the paper observes three major changes and challenges of international security since the end of the Cold War. First, in shifting from preventive diplomacy to domestic actions, the new generation of PKO has challenged the traditional idea of sovereignty. Second, in changing from monitoring cease-fires to the function of stopping civil wars, the PKO has widened the idea and concept of international security. Third, in expanding from the role of providing buffer zones to the mission of comprehensive reconstruction, PKO missions have given a new role to the United Nations in maintaining international peace and security. These new developments in international security reflect some current situations, and also represent some new directions for the nest millennia.