族群動員、侍從主義與地方選舉：民進黨在臺南市的個案研究

Ethnic Mobilization, Clientelism in Local lection: A Case Study in Tainan

地方政治的運作與侍從主義密切相關，民進黨沿用國民黨的侍從主義，形成新的侍從結構，然而，民進黨長期以國家認同與族群差異進行選舉動員，在其逐漸轉型為民主政黨的同時，是否更依賴更多公共資源進行侍從連結？本研究的目的即為瞭解族群動員與侍從主義在臺南市地方選舉扮演的相對角色。臺南的案例具有代表性，因為臺南市在歷任市長治理後，建立了一定程度的侍從關係。本研究發現，雖然本土意識在臺南市較占有優勢，但族群動員卻並非地方政治人物選舉動員主要的操作議題，即使有，也沒辦法看到明顯的選票加成。最主要的原因在於族群動員的動員邏輯，使得地方政治人物無法使用這種方式擴大支持群體。以臺南市的案例而言，族群動員在地方政治中主要是做為一種維繫支持者情感的方式，當要擴大或維持選民支持時，地方政治人物較偏好使用特殊性利益，而這可能也是侍從體制在臺南市得以延續的原因之一。本研究認為，兩種不同的動員方式同時並存在臺南市的地方政治中。

Local politics is closely related with clientelism. Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) had adopted Kuomintang’s clientelism and formed a new type of clientelism in recent years. However, DPP has mobilized its supporters through national identity and ethnic difference for a long-term, has it relied more on public resources to established the clientelist linkages in its transition towards a democratic party? The goal of this study is to clarify the role of national identity and clientelism in Tainan. The case of Tainan is crucial because DPP established a certain degree of clientelism after long-term governance in Tainan. We found that although DPP has a compared advantage of aboriginal consciousness in Tainan. Nevertheless, ethnic mobilization is not the primary mobilization engine in the local election. The main reason is the logic of ethnic mobilization, which makes it difficult for local politicians to use for expanding supporters. In the case of Tainan, national identity is mainly used as a way to maintain supporters’ emotions. When it is necessary to expand supporters, local politicians prefer to use particular interests to mobilize those supporters. And this is one of the reasons why clientelism can continue to persist in Tainan. We believe that two different mobilization methods exist in the local politics of Tainan.