我國地方政府土地財政現象的理論與實務：以臺中市財政表現的實證研究

Theory and Practice of Land Financing in Taiwan’s Local Governments: Empirical Evidence from Taichung City’s Fiscal Performance

本研究以中國大陸地方政府所普遍存在的土地財政之現象作為研究主題。雖然國內缺乏類似的研究題目，但是衡諸國內地方政府也存在類似的財政現象，學界卻鮮少討論。因此，本研究嘗試引進相關的理論論述，並結合我國地方政府—臺中市政府的財政表現作為實證研究之主題，進行土地財政行為之理論建構與實務觀察之研究。本研究所建立的實證研究模型顯示，影響我國地方政府土地財政現象之因素，包括：財政分權、經濟成長、都市化、財政赤字、民主化等。其中，財政分權的效果對於地方政府的土地財政現象呈現顯著正相關的影響；而財政赤字、經濟成長等因素則是呈現顯著負相關的影響。此外，在都市化與民主化的影響當中，都是呈現負相關，惟統計顯著性並不足。

This research attempts to investigate land financing phenomenon that is widespread in China’s local finance. As a matter of fact, this phenomenon is also commonly seen in Taiwan’s local government, but it’s largely neglected in domestic academic research. Therefore, this paper tries to bring up discussion of relevant topic by proposing theoretical framework of land financing and further, examines real practice of land financing with case study of Taichung City. By analyzing Taichung City’s fiscal data, our empirical models indicate that fiscal decentralization pose significantly positive effects on local land financing while fiscal deficit and economic growth inversely associated with local land financing. Although urbanization and democratization are negatively associated with local land financing, their influence are not statistically significant.