台湾と日本における国会選挙制度改革の比較研究－－台湾の「単一選挙区二票制」と日本の「小選挙区比例代表並立制」の政党政治に対する影響

台日國會選舉制度改革的比較研究－－台灣「單一選區兩票制」與日本「小選區比例代表並立制」對政黨政治之影響（A Comparative Study of the Parliament Electoral System Reform in Taiwan and Japan: The Potential Influence on Party Politics of the Mixed-Member Majoritarian System in Taiwan and Japan）

國會是國民主權的體現，國會制度的改革則是實現國民主權的步驟與方法，選舉制度只是改革的一環。選舉制度如同其他制度一樣體現了政治行動者的理念、價值、利益與行為模式，也架構了民主政治中最常見的選舉行為。這其中包含了政黨、國會議員以及一般選民的行為模式以及其背後的理念價值與利益計算，最終則是期望建立一個能夠充分體現社會多元價值及利益的國會選舉制度。台灣原本與日本、南韓一樣採行SNTV的選舉制度，1995年日本改革選舉制度之後，經歷了十年，台灣也採行了與日本類似的新選舉制度，兩個選舉制度實施之後的成效如何？進行比較研究似乎是一個必然的趨勢，以政黨政治為核心，旁及派系、公共政策與金權政治等，兩個選舉制度都呈現了部分成果，也留下一些難以解決的問題。

Parliament is the symbol of the political rights of national citizens. The reform of parliament institutions is necessary to materialize political rights, and the reform of the electoral system is one important part of parliament institution reforms. As well as other democratic procedures, the electoral system serves to fulfill the beliefs, values and interests of different political actors, formulate their patterns of behavior and affect their voting preferences. Therefore a well-designed electoral system has to consider various factors, including behavior patterns, beliefs, values and interests of political parties, legislators and the electorate. The ultimate goal is to build up a parliament electoral system that reflects the different values and interests of a pluralistic society. Taiwan used to adopt the SNTV (Single Non-Transferable Vote) electoral system, the same system as Japan and South Korean adopted before 1994. However, following Japan's step to reform its parliament electoral system in 1995, Taiwan also implemented a new electoral system referring to Japan's reform design in 2004. Did these reforms achieve the desired outcome? To answer the question, this article will engage in a comparative research regarding the electoral reforms carried out in Japan and Taiwan. The focus will be put on party politics and elaborate further on issues of factions, public policy and money politics. The attempt is to point out that even though the electoral reform did bring about good effects to some extent, it leaves further obstacles and difficulties as well.