東日本大震災による日本のエネルギー安全保障政策への影響

東日本大地震對日本能源安全政策的影響（The Influence of the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake and Tsunami on Japan's Energy Security Policy）

2011年3月日本東北發生芮氏規模9級的強震，同時引發強烈的海嘯，日本遭受戰後以來最大規模的災害。另外，福島核電廠發生嚴重的輻射外洩事件，引發日本國內核能安全危機，甚至演變成國際性核能安全問題。日本是一個能源缺乏的國家，能源自给率是先進工業國中最低，因而日本不斷的增加核能發電的比率，藉此希望能減少對外國能源的依賴。東日本大地震以及福島核災事件，暴露出日本能源安全上的脆弱性，並使日本政府必須重新檢討新的能源安全政策。短期而言，日本將會增加火力發電的比率，以代替核能發電減少的部分，特別是液態天然氣的使用比率將會提高。中長期而言，日本將會增加海外能源投資的比重，強化與世界主要能源生產國的外交關係，同時將持續致力於節能以及新能源技術的開發。

In March 2011, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami hit the Tohoku area and Japan has been facing its worst disaster since World War II. Since a large-scale radiation leak occurred at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, nuclear power security has become a domestic and international issue. Basically, Japan is a nation without its own energy sources, and its energy self-sufficiency rate is the lowest in the developed world. Under this condition, Japan's electric power supply depends greatly on nuclear generation to reduce its high dependence on imports for energy. However, after the 3.11-earthquake and the Fukushima accident, people have started to doubt about existing energy security policy and Japanese government have to review it again. In a short run, Japan needs to increase the ratio of thermal energy instead of nuclear energy and using liquefied natural gas is the key. In a medium- and long-run, it is clear that Japan needs to focus on energy saving and the development of regenerated energy technology. At the same time, it is necessary to increase its energy investment overseas and strengthen diplomatic relations with the world's major energy producing countries.