補充支鏈胺基酸與葡萄糖對於急性低氧環境下耐力運動表現的影響

The effect of glucose and branched-chain amino acids supplementation on endurance performance in acute hypoxia environment

緒論：在運動前補充支鏈胺基酸或是葡萄糖都是在常壓常氧的環境下執行，過去並沒有研究針對急性的常壓低氧環境下補充葡萄糖或是支鏈胺基酸，探討對於長時間運動後高強度耐力運動表現的影響。本研究目的為探討補充葡萄糖以及支鏈胺基酸，在急性低氧環境下對於耐力運動表現以及其生理指標的影響。方法：以七名平時有運動習慣，但是沒接受正式訓練的健康男性大學生為研究對象，分別完成在運動前一小時補充支鏈胺基酸 (BCAA)、支鏈胺基酸加葡萄糖 (BCAA+GLU)、葡萄糖 (GLU) 與安慰劑 (PLA) 等四次實驗。在營養品補充後一小時在常壓低氧 (約15% O2) 進行90分鐘50%最大攝氧量的腳踏車運動，之後緊接著進行85%最大攝氧量的運動表現測試直到衰竭。結果：結果顯示補充BCAA之後顯著降低TPR/BCAA的數值 (p < 0.05)，但四組的運動表現並沒有顯著的差異 (運動表現測試：BCAA組353.4 ± 84.2秒；BCAA+GLU組340.9 ± 90秒；GLU組407 ± 77.3秒；PLA組291.6 ± 42.9秒)。血漿中色胺酸除以支鏈胺基酸的比值在BCAA和BCAA+GLU組顯著小於GLU和PLA組 (p < 0.05)。血漿中胰島素的濃度為BCAA+GLU組顯著大於BCAA組 (p = 0.008) 以及安慰劑組 (p = 0.004)。血糖濃度BCAA+GLU組顯著大於BCAA組 (p = 0.02)。血漿中氨的濃度，以及運動期間脂肪氧化率以及碳水化合物氧化率四組間也是沒有顯著的差異。結論：研究結果顯示，在急性低氧下補充葡萄糖以及支鏈胺基酸，對於運動表現並沒有顯著的影響。

 

Introduction: The effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) or glucose supplementation on exercise performance were investigated in the normal atmospheric pressure with normoxia condition in previous studies. No studies had been investigated the effect of BCAA and glucose supplementation before exercise on exercise performance in normal atmospheric pressure with hypoxia condition. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ingestion of glucose and BCAA before exercise on endurance performance and physiological response in an acute hypoxia condition. Methods: Seven healthy college male subjects completed 4 experimental trials in a random order. They ingested either 12 g of BCAAs (BCAA trial), 12g branched-chain amino acids plus 75g glucose (BCAA+GLU trial), 75g glucose (GLU trial) or placebo (PLA trial) 1 hour before exercise in a hypoxia chamber. Ten minutes before exercise, the subjects were asked to enter the hypoxia chamber for adaption the hypoxia environment. Subjects exercised at 50% V02max on cycle erogmeter for 90 minutes. After rest for 1 minute, the exercise intensity then increased to the intensity of 85% V02max till exhaustion. Results: The results showed that there were no differences on exercise performance between 4 trials (85% V02max to fatigue: BCAA 353.4 ± 84.2 seconds, BCAA+GLU 340.9 ± 90 seconds, GLU 407 ± 77.3 seconds, and PLA 291.6 ± 42.9). The ratio of plasma tryptophan (TRP) to BCAA concentrations were significantly lower in BCAA and BCAA+GLU trials than GLU and PLA trials (p < 0.008). Plasma insulin concentrations were significant higher in BCAA+GLU compared to BCAA (p = 0.008) and PLA (p = 0.004). Plasma glucose concentrations were significant higher in BCAA+GLU than that of BCAA (p = 0.02). There were no differences in plasma NH3 concentration, fat oxidation rates and carbohydrate oxidation rates during exercise between 4 trials. Conclusion: The current results suggested ingestion carbohydrate and BCAAs did not alter endurance performance in acute hypoxia environment.