華人教練威權領導對教練效能知覺之影響：心理集體性中介效果的驗證

Authoritarian leadership among Chinese coach and athlete’s perception of coach effectiveness: The mediating role of psychological collectivism

緒論：根據過往文獻顯示，華人運動教練威權領導對團隊效能存在有較為正向的影響效果，而此項深富華人傳統文化的領導模式能夠長久且持續在運動團隊中產生重要的影響，其間對於隊員所產生的心理歷程，是一個值得深入探究的課題。本研究目的即在探討教練威權領導與領導效能之關連，並以心理集體性做為中介角色，以驗證其影響效果。方法：本研究採立意取樣方式，以國內高中職柔道隊伍，共計15隊183 位運動員為研究對象，搜集威權領導、團隊集體性、教練效能、不當督導、及差序式領導等資料，其所得資料以描述性統計、皮爾遜積差相關、驗證性因素分析與結構方程模式進行統計分析。結果：當控制不當督導及差序式領導之後，威權領導與心理集體性呈現顯著正向關係；心理集體性與教練效能知覺間呈現顯著正相關；心理集體性在威權領導與教練效能知覺間具中介效果。結論：本研究所建構的模式可有效解釋運動團隊中教練威權領導與選手教練效能知覺間的正向關係，係透過心理集體性中介的角色來傳遞效果。本研究藉由教練威權領導概念的釐清，能有效縮短理論知識與實務現象間的差距，亦可作為未來運動教練領導研究的參考。

 

Introduction: Research has proven fruitful evidence that Chinese coaches’ authoritarian leadership carries out positive effects on group-level team effectiveness. This leadership style, rooted from traditional Chinese culture, still continuously impact on sport teams. The influence of coaches’ authoritarian leadership on the team member’s psychological process is an issue worth further discussion. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between coaches’ authoritarian leadership and the athletes’ perception of coach effectiveness, and explore the mediating role of psychological collectivism. Methods: By convenience sampling, participants were 183 athletes from 15 Judo teams in different junior and senior high schools. This research aims to measure athletes’ perception of authoritarian leadership, psychological collectivism, coach effectiveness, abusive supervision, and differential leadership. Hypotheses are tested by performing descriptive statistics, correlation, confirmative factor analysis, and structure equation model. Results: 1. The relationship between authoritarian leadership and psychological collectivism is significantly positive by controlling two factors, abusive supervision and differential leadership. 2. psychological collectivism is positively related to the perception of coach effectiveness. 3. The relationship between authoritarian leadership and athletes’ perception of coach effectiveness is partially mediated by psychological collectivism. Conclusion: The study to explain the positive relationship between coach authoritarian leadership and athlete’s perception of coach effectiveness, which is mediated by psychological collectivism. Also, by clarifying the concept of coach authoritarian leadership, we make contributions to link the theoretical knowledge of organizational leadership to the practices of sport field. We believe it also provides future directions for research in relevant sport topics.