中華職棒聯盟球員複數合約簽約前後效率分析

The Efficiency Analysis of the CPBL Players before and after the Signing of Multi-Year-Contracts

緒論：中華職棒聯盟球員合約年限種類已從一年一簽慢慢增加為複數年合約，提供更優渥的薪資與保障，本研究目的為分析球員複數合約簽約前後技術表現是否存在差異性，球員是否簽約前的球季效率表現較佳，以獲得較高薪的複數年合約，而簽約後的球季產生效率落差。方法：由文獻分析及定義投入與產出之項目，從 2004年到 2016年，共 13年賽季，簽訂2年以上複數年合約之投手13筆、野手26筆資料，引用官方網站之球員表現數據進行研究，並以資料包絡分析、拔靴法及多元迴歸等方法進行分析。結果：中華職棒聯盟投手和野手複數合約球員效率值在固定規模報酬、變動規模報酬和規模效率皆沒有顯著改變。投手在簽約前的表現效率和總薪資雖然有負向關係，但和合約長度及平均薪資則無明顯相關；野手簽約前的表現效率對於合約長度、合約平均年薪和總薪資無明顯關聯性。投手的球齡與勝率，直接影響到合約的薪資與總薪資，野手的合約長度與年齡對合約的薪資有正向影響，經標準化計算實質薪資後，發現有一球員薪資是呈現倒退。結論：中華職棒聯盟球員並不會因為簽訂複數年合約，產生簽約前後場上效率不同的表現。因此，建議球團未來可以提供更多且優渥複數合約給予球員，提供球員明確之目標，肯定比賽場上的付出與價值，且參考國內外職業棒球薪資水準及國內物價指數等，進行合約商業談判，給予球員更多薪資福利保障。

 

Introduction: Research has been conducted on the relation between salary and efficiency of professional sports players in order to investigate whether or not acquiring a multi-year contract causes less effort paid in post-contract seasons. With progressive development of professional baseball in Taiwan, the relationship between players and league clubs has gradually changed in terms of contract types: from one-year contracts to multi-year contracts. Based on multi-year contracts, players attain better salaries and welfares while league clubs attract more valuable players. As multi-year contracts are getting more common in Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL), it should be carefully evaluated that the performance of players is worthy of their salaries. Methods: This study is going to evaluate the efficiency of 10 pitchers and 13 batters with multi-year contracts during seasons from 2004 to 2016 in CPBL. First, with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the efficiency of players are evaluated by setting appropriate input and output variables. Then the players’ efficiency are analyzed in terms of before and after the contract signing with bootstrap. Furthermore, Multiple Regression Analysis is used to determine which factors affect the contracts length and salary and to reach a possible balance between players and club leagues. Results: The empirical results show that, for CPBL fielders and pitchers, there are no significant differences with respect to the Constant Returns to Scale (CRS), Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) and Scale Efficiency (SE). Multiple Regression represents that the salary and length of the contract are with low relevance to the batters efficiency. The tenure and winning percentage of the pitchers have a direct impact on the contract’s salary and total salary, fielder’s contract length and age have a positive effect on the contract’s salary. After the standardized Consumer Price Index (CPI) calculation, a player salary is recessed. Conclusion: The efficiency of CPBL players is not effected by multi-year contract signing. It is recommended that league clubs by signing multi-year contracts ensure players with better salary.