馬來半島民居類型研究—馬來民居、南部泰族民居與混血民居

A Typological Study on the Houses in Malay Peninsula: Malay House, Southern Thai House and Hybrid House Form

馬來半島包括馬來西亞（西馬、馬來亞）與泰國南部，生活於半島的種族主要為半島南部的馬來族、半島北部的泰族以及移民至此的漢人。本文研究對象為馬來民居與南部泰族民居，研究過程無意發現漢民居與馬來民居融合的混血民居，因與馬來民居有關亦列入討論。 民居類型呈現一致卻又多樣的面貌，歸因於民居類型具備規則系統，由此衍生諸多變化形式。本研究以編碼系統為工具，分析馬來半島諸多民居衍型，包括馬來民居與南部泰族民居，歸納尋找出類型規則系統。馬來半島民居呈現以屋群作為單一家庭的居住使用，類型規則系統包含「空間規則」、「屋群組合規則」與「構造規則」，而馬來民居以主屋為始開展屋群組合，又增「主屋形成規則」，以上四種主要規則各自下轄數個次要規則。規則系統可以描述馬來西亞的七個馬來民居分佈地區與泰國南部地區的所有民居案例，並藉由規則系統釐清馬來半島擁有三種民居基型，從而建立馬來半島的民居體系。

 

Malay Peninsula contains Malaysia (West Malaysia, Malaya) and southern Thailand. Main ethnic groups in Peninsula are Malay living in the south part and Thai in the northern part, as well as emigrated Han from China. This study focuses on Malay house type and Southern Thai house type. Hybrid house forms of Malay house and Han house were inadvertently discovered during research years and also regarded as research objects owing to their relevance to Malay house type. House type generates consistent but diversified forms. House type is embedded with typological rule system, which can develop great amounts of variations. This study, with a coding system, analyzed the variations of Malay houses and southern Thai houses in Malay Peninsula and generalized a typological rule system. The typical appearances of houses in Malay Peninsula are house grouping for the use of one single family. The rule system comprises of ‘spatial rule’, ‘house grouping rule’ and ‘construction rule’. Especially, Malay house starts house grouping from its main house. ‘Main house formation rule’ was added into the rule system. Every rule dominates several sub-rules. Rule system can describe all of the house cases in southern Thailand and seven regions of Malaysia, and can clarify that three basic forms exist in the Peninsula, thereby establishes the house system in Malay Peninsula.