臺灣民法上之情事變更原則

The Principle of Change of Circumstances in Taiwan Civil Law

臺灣民法第227條之2的情事變更原則是誠信原則之下位概念之一。學說、實務對其所為之解釋適用均採取較為嚴格之立場，避免過度干預私法自治。值得注意者，在當事人間約定有排除情事變更的條款時，若風險之發生及變動程度顯然逾越當事人訂約之認知基礎或環境時，法院仍可能適用情事變更原則。重新協商義務之引進，可以使契約正義與私法自治間取得平衡點。情事變更原則之形成權的除斥期間，民法漏未規定，短期內得以類推適用民法其他有關權利行使期間之相關規定，惟長期而言，仍應以儘速增訂形成權之除斥期間才是最適當的解決之道。

The principle of change of circumstances in Article 227-2 of the Taiwan Civil Law is one of the specific concepts under the principle of good faith. It involves when the situation of the contract is changed dramatically, and the performance of the deal will lead to unfairness or harmful to one party. From the above Taiwan judiciary development, the court adopted a stricter attitude towards the interpretation of this principle to avoid violating the autonomy of private law. As a matter of fact, if there is an exclusion clause, regarding the change of circumstances, the court may still apply the principle of change of circumstances to solve the case. By using the Obligation of Re-negotiation, the contracting parties can have a chance to re-negotiate and strike a balance between the two parties. However, the period of a right of formation is not laid down in civil law which makes the contracting parties into an unstable circumstance. In order to solve this problem, analogy similar rule can be a method. But in a long-term consideration, the best way is to draw up an article in civil law.