主動人格、未來工作自我顯著對運動休閒科系大學生職涯規劃之研究─調節式中介機制檢驗

Proactive personality, future work self-salience on sports and leisure college students’ career planning: A moderating mediation model examination

緒論：面對競爭日漸加劇的運動休閒就業市場需求，大學生如何展現個人的主動特質已成為未來職涯發展成功與否的重要關鍵影響因素。過往研究儘管已經證實學生的主動性對於生涯發展具有重要的意義，但在運動休閒領域而言仍受到相對較少關注。並且，從理論的角度來看，個人主動性與其目標動機如何促進個人的生涯規劃則仍未完全釐清。因此，本研究依據主動動機模型，進一步探討運動休閒科系大學生主動人格、未來工作自我顯著，以及職涯規劃的關聯性。方法：本研究以159位運動休閒運動科系大學生為對象，以問卷調查方式進行三階段的資料蒐集。結果：研究發現大學生主動人格會透過未來工作自我顯著進一步正向影響個人職涯規劃，而當大專生具有高主動人格時，能夠進一步強化未來工作自我顯著和職涯規劃的關連性。同時，透過調節式中介模型的檢驗發現，未來工作自我顯著對於主動人格和職涯規劃的中介效果，特別在高主動人格下會受到強化。結論：本研究發現運動休閒科系學生主動人格傾向是未來工作自我顯著與職涯規劃的重要前置和調節因素，換言之，研究結果支持並強調高度的主動人格對於大學生目標設定與生涯規劃的重要性與影響性，其提供學生在生涯發展、規劃和輔導一個良好的理解及參酌的依據。因此，建議未來相關實務工作者可藉由課程設計來建立和陶冶學生的主動性，使其職涯方向與目標更加明確。

 

Introduction: Facing the increasingly competitive demand of sport and leisure job market, undergraduates’ ways of demonstrating their individual proactivity have become a critical factor on their future career success. Although previous research have identified the value of proactivity on personal career development, little attention has been cast in the fields of sport and leisure. Likewise, based on theoretical perspective of individual proactivity, how and when individual proactive dispositions and goal-driven motivations foster career planning is unclear. Drawing on proactive motivation model, this study examined the relations among proactive personality, future work self salience, and career planning of undergraduates of related majors. Methods: In order to reduce the problem of common method variance (CMV), the research adopted a time-lagged design to gather materials and information in three-phase surveys. Initially, the researcher enrolled 200 sports and leisure majoring college students in Taiwan. After pooling the three times data form respondents, the final valid sample consisted of 159 participants completing all measures. Results: Results indicated that proactive personality is positively associated with career planning through future work self salience. In addition, the finding of moderated-mediation model showed that proactive personality has a stronger positive association with future work self salience and thus career planning, especially when students possess higher levels of proactive personality. Conclusion: the current finding suggests that the tendency of sports and leisure college students’ proactive personality are both critical antecedent and moderating factor to future work self-salience and career planning. In other words, our study supports and highlights that high proactive personality is effective in contributing to college students’ goal setting and career planning, and thus provide insights and implications for students’ career development planning and counseling. Specifically, we suggest that practitioners in the field can establish as well as build up students’ proactivity with course design, clarifying their career direction and goals.