生殖醫學運用衍生之身分關係爭議──以中國大陸與臺灣之重要判決為探討核心

Family Law Issues Originating from Reproductive Medicine: Analysis of Leading Cases from China and Taiwan

本文針對兩岸關於人工生殖技術之新近司法判決進行比較，結果發現，中國大陸對於人工生殖技術之管制，採取傘狀立法，且基本原則倚賴雙方同意書之約定內容。相較於此，臺灣則以較一元化之《人工生殖法》加以規範，對於重大細項採正面列舉規定，相對亦限縮當事人之處置選擇。本文提出應考量人工生殖醫學與其他醫療處置之差異性，並可參考歐美近年來司法判決逐步累積之「多階段同意與滾動式契約」理論，作為人工生殖知情同意之特殊規範方向。並另主張可參考美國加州《醫療與安全法規》（Health and Safety Code）第125315條規定，明訂施術機構或人員之明確告知與取得同意事項清單，以降低當事人契約常見約定不明之風險。

This paper compares recent judicial cases in relation to assisted reproductive technology (ART) in both China and Taiwan. The result indicates that China adopts an umbrella-like regulatory regime, and relies heavily on the principal of mutual agreement. In contrast, Taiwan establishes one unified Artificial Reproduction Act which clearly enumerates legal details but left rather limited choices to recipient couples. It is recommended that the differences between assisted reproductive medicine and other medical practice shall be considered. The US-European Courts recently accumulated appreciable cases which amounts to a theory of “Multi-Phase Consent/Rolling Contract” In addition, the latest California Health and Safety Code § 125315 provides a mandatory consenting list for proper collection of informed consents. This type of semi-Standard Form Contract may help reduce the risks of common ambiguity rooted in the area of assisted reproductive medicine.