市場界定、市場力量與智慧財產權授權──我國執法趨勢與挑戰

Market Definition, Market Power, and Intellectual Property Licensing : The Trends and Challenges of Taiwan Antitrust Enforcement

本文初探智慧財產權授權案件之市場界定與市場力量問題，並參酌我國過往相關案例，分析我國就標準必要專利權人市場地位與關鍵設施理論間的關係，以及著作權授權、產品差異化與市場力量等兩大子題之執法趨勢與可能挑戰。而當標準必要專利所屬技術標準已成為不可或缺之產業標準時，標準必要專利權人即有獨占地位。此外，於著作權授權案例，公平會宜避免過度仰賴僵化市場界定，或以產品差異化現象或所謂被授權人依賴性等即逕論授權人之市場力量。

This article explores the issues of market definition and market power in the cases related to the licensing of intellectual property, and, based upon the pertinent cases in Taiwan, analyzes antitrust enforcement and challenges concerning the two sub-topics: (1) the relationship between the market position of any standard essential patent owner and essential facilities doctrine, and (2) copyright licensing, product differentiation, and market power. In the event that the standard in dispute is an indispensable de facto industry standard, any holder of such standard essential patents will be considered having a dominant position. In addition, in copyright licensing cases, Taiwan Fair Trade Commission should neither unduly rely on the ossified market definition, nor jump to the conclusion that the licensor must have market power in light of product differentiation and any licensee’s dependence.