苦難與生命主體的自我實現

Suffering and Self-Fulfillment of Subject of Life

自尼采宣告上帝已死之後，形上價值的破敗所引發的虛無主義的問題，已然不斷形變於時代中，因而從虛無主義所引發的問題中，梳理出兩條看似背反卻走向同一結果的路徑：一方面超越價值的虛懸，使得需要依賴最高價值的人，因為無所寄託而將目光轉回世界，但世界的紛亂與災難，卻使得他們漂泊無依的內心更加無助，因而將希望投注在某個對象上；另一方面，在世界的無常紛亂中放棄價值的人們，或者物化自身（或任由自身被物化）為生產工具，或者封閉自身而將目光轉向虛擬的世界，亦或者破壞價值或他人。這兩種表面看似差異的現象，不僅有著同一個根源，也共同指向同一個問題，亦即在上帝之死所引發的超越價值崩毀的時代中，無所依靠的人們如何「活」在這天災人禍頻傳的世界中？如何可能跳脫對於形而上世界的依賴，而以自身的生命與智慧「活」出人類的獨立？

Since the day Nietzsche declared that “God is dead,” the problem of nihilism, which arises from the degradation of the metaphysical value, has constantly transformed during our times. Therefore, this problem is tidied up as two seemingly different paths orienting towards the same destination, which proves to be among various problems aroused by nihilism. On the one hand, the suspense of those transcendent values forces the rootless people who at fi rst needed the supreme values to shift down to the real world, but the disorder and the disaster of this world, have made their rootless minds even more hopeless. Hence, these people bet their hope on some specific object. On the other hand, people having given up the value owing to the chaos of impermanence, either materialized themselves (or let themselves be materialized) as some instruments of production, or closed themselves and turned their regards to the virtual world, or even destroyed the values or the others.... These two seemingly different appearances, not only share the same origin, but also mutually point to the same problem. That is to say, how could these helpless and rootless people “live” in this world filled with all kinds of natural and man-caused disasters, during this era when the collapse of the transcendent value is aroused by the death of God? How could we jump off from the dependence on the metaphysical world, and “to live out” the independence of human beings with our own life and own wisdom?