中國大陸股東代表訴訟－－實施現狀及發展趨勢

Shareholders' Derivative Actions in PRC: The Implementation and Its Future

股東代表訴訟作為保障中小股東合法權益的救濟機制之一，已為大多數國家所認可。中國大陸於2005年修訂公司法時正式確立股東代表訴訟制度，在實踐中，股東代表訴訟案件數量雖有上升，但仍沒有充分發揮出該規範應有之價值。這背後固然存在著制度的種種弊端，但純粹以制度完善制度本身也存在著一定的困境。從全球發展趨勢而言，透過對英美法系與大陸法系的幾個代表性國家的股東代表訴訟制度的梳理，不難發現，股東代表訴訟呈現出「緊久必鬆、鬆久必緊」的發展態勢，即原先大力鼓勵代表訴訟的國家，現在則釋放出收緊的信號。而以往對代表訴訟施加種種限制的國家，現在則呈現出放寬的跡象。這種發展態勢，與代表訴訟本身內在屬性有關，也與股東其他保障機制和一國經濟發展狀況等因素息息相關。有理由相信，代表訴訟的這種發展態勢仍會延續下去。

As one of the relief mechanisms for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of minority shareholders, derivative action has been adopted by many countries. When the People’s Republic of China amended the Company Law in 2005, it formally established the shareholder derivative action system. In practice, although the number of derivative action cases has risen, the value of the institution has not yet been fully demonstrated. Also, although there are many inherited loopholes in this system, there are also some difficulties in perfecting the system by itself. From the perspective of the global development trend, it is not difficult to find out that the system of derivative action shows “a long time will be loose, loose for a long time will be tight” by comparing the system of derivative action in several representative countries such as Anglo-American legal system and civil law system. The country that originally strongly encouraged the derivative action, now releases a signal of tightening. In the past, countries that imposed various restrictions on derivative action now show signs of relaxation. This development trend is related to the inherent attributes of derivative action itself and to other shareholders’protective mechanisms and the economic development of a country. There is reason to believe that this trend of development of derivative actions will continue.