股東大會決議的瑕疵分類：範圍的擴張及其局限性──以公司法司法解釋四為中心

The Classification of Defects in Resolutions at Shareholders’ Meeting: Expansion and Limitations of Its Scope－Centering on Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (IV)

近年來，在中國大陸的公司法實務中，圍繞著股東大會決議爭訴的事件頻頻發生。為了解決法律實踐中所產生的問題，2017年8月25日最高人民法院頒布了《關於適用中華人民共和國公司法若干問題的規定（四）》（下稱「公司法司法解釋四」）。公司法司法解釋四針對股東大會決議瑕疵訴訟制度從訴訟的類型、原告的範圍、裁量駁回等方面進行重大的調整。股東大會決議瑕疵訴訟制度是保障股東大會決議公平、公正的重要措施，也是股東維護自身權益的重要手段，因此，雖然調整後的股東大會決議瑕疵訴訟制度能否如同預期那樣完美的解決中國大陸公司法實踐中的問題尚不得而知，但是公司法司法解釋四的公布已然引起社會各界的廣泛關注。本文旨在對修改後的股東大會決議瑕疵訴訟制度進行全面地梳理，並以股東大會決議的瑕疵分類為切入點，對修改後股東大會決議瑕疵訴訟制度中潛在的問題及其解決的方法進行說明。

In recent years, in the practice of our corporate law, frequent controversies arise on the resolutions at shareholders’ meeting. In order to solve these problems in legal practice, the Supreme People’s Court promulgated the “Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues concerning the Application of the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (IV)” (hereinafter “Judicial Interpretation IV of the Company Law”) on August 25, 2017. Judicial Interpretation IV of the Company Law made significant adjustments in many aspects in defective litigation about resolutions at shareholders’ meeting, including the types of litigation, the eligibility of the plaintiff, and the discretion on dismissal. Lawsuits on defects in resolutions at shareholders’ meeting is an important measure to assure the fairness and justice of resolutions at the shareholders’ general meeting, and to safeguard shareholders’ rights and interests. Therefore, although it remains uncertain whether the amended litigation system for defectives in resolution at shareholders’ meeting can solve the problems in practice, the introduction of Judicial Interpretation IV of the Company Law has aroused wide concern in society. The purpose of this article is to review the amended litigation system for defectives in resolutions at shareholders’ meeting. Meanwhile, taking classification of the defects as the starting point, this article will also explain the potential problems and solutions in the amended litigation system.