海外遠征登山課程對受災原住民青少年復原力之影響

Influence of the Oversea Expedition Mountaineering Courses on Resilience for Aboriginal Adolescents Suffering from Disaster

緒論：由於極端氣候變化，伴隨而來的天災造成原住民族部落重大損害事件，時有所聞。災害過後的重建是段漫長歷程，針對多屬社會經濟弱勢族群的受災原住民青少年而言，如何走出心理創傷，復原力的培養因而成為重要的心理能力。根據相關研究顯示戶外冒險教育課程對於提升青少年復原力能夠多所幫助。因此，本研究目的旨在探討以戶外冒險教育為本的海外遠征課程對受災原住民青少年復原力之影響。方法：以5位來自高雄山區參與為期16天「6178玉珠峰海外遠征計畫」的受災原住民青少年為對象，採取質性研究取向，透過事後訪談與青少年心得等方式進行資料蒐集，而後以主題分析法針對文本進行資料分析。結果：所得資料經主題分析後，發現受災原住民青少年在參與海外遠征登山課程前，危險因子有：個人、家庭、學校、人際與同儕及社會文化等五項；保護因子則有：正向性格、支持系統與信仰等三項；參與課程後對受災原住民青少年復原力的影響，包括：外在支持與資源 (團隊成員之間的感情支持、指導員與生輔員鼓勵與關懷、角色楷模、安全的規範與信仰)、內在的個人力量 (討人喜愛的特質、自主性、利他主義、信任、內控與信念)、社會與人際的技巧 (溝通、問題解決、衝動控制、尋求信任關係與社交技巧)等三個方面。結論：研究者提出海外遠征登山課程對原住民青少年復原力影響模式，並發現海外遠征登山課程能夠對受災原住民青少年帶來正向復原力。

Purpose: Following the rapid change of extreme weather, the news about huge damage from disaster for aboriginal tribe often reported. Reconstruction after disaster was a quite long road. Hence, the development of resilience to recover from damage became important psychological competence, especially for the social-economic disadvantaged aboriginal adolescents suffering from disaster. According to the past research results, outdoor adventure education courses could promote the resilience for young people. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore the influence of adventure education based oversea expedition mountaineering courses on resilience for aboriginal adolescents suffering from disaster. Methods: Participants were five aboriginal adolescents from Kaohsiung mountain area suffering from disaster joining the sixteen-day program of “The 6,178M Yuzhu Peak oversea expedition”. The qualitative research approach was undertaken. The method of thematic analysis of research was used to analyze the texts collected from post-interview and participants’ reflection. Results: Before the courses, there were five essential themes about the danger factors, including: individual, family, school, interpersonal relationship as well as peer, and social culture for the participants. Also, three essential themes regarding protection factors such as: positive character, supporting system and faith. There were three essential themes about the influence of oversea expedition mountaineering courses on resilience for aboriginal adolescents suffering from disaster, including: outside support and resource (such as: emotional support from teammate, courage and concern from instructor and counselor, role model, safety regulation and faith), intrapersonal strength (for example: lovely personality, autonomy, altruism, trust, inner control and belief) and social interpersonal skill (including: communication, problem-solving, emotion control, seeking for trust relationship and social skill). Conclusion: The researcher proposed the model for influence of the oversea expedition mountaineering courses on aboriginal adolescents’ resilience and concluded that oversea expedition mountaineering courses could bring out positive influence on resilience for aboriginal adolescents suffering from disaster.