前瞻因應量表發展之研究

A Study of the Development of a Proactive Coping Questionnaire

高齡人口增加，我國已經成為一個「老」國家。高齡者若想要擁有活躍、快樂的晚年生活，從前瞻因應的觀點進行退休生活的準備是必要的。本研究目的在建構前瞻因應量表評估工具，進而驗證其內涵，希望可以作為老年準備教育方案設計之參考。問卷編製，首先從前瞻因應理論之相關研究，建構面向及題項。本研究以1717位中高齡者，以結構方程式模式進行適配度評鑑。研究結果顯示：1.前瞻因應量表具有良好的適配度與信、效度；2.前瞻因應量表的「前瞻因應態度」、「前瞻因應行為」與「前瞻因應能力」三個因素具有中高程度正相關。3.中高齡者的前瞻因應與個人年齡和自覺經濟狀況達顯著差異，即個人年齡較大者和自覺經濟狀況較佳者，其前瞻因應會顯著於其他人。

Since our country is fast increasing in population, Taiwan has become an aging society. To older adults, it is necessary to prepare for their retirement with the perspective of proactive coping for an active and pleasant old age. The researchers of the current study aimed to develop a questionnaire to measure proactive coping in middle-aged and older adults, in the hope that this questionnaire can be used as a references for designing an retirement preparation educational program. The questionnaire was first developed based on the proactive coping theory and some relevant studies. The researchers recruited 1717 middle-aged and older adults to fill in this questionnaire. The results of this study were as followings: 1) The questionnaire of proactive coping was quite reasonable and had good construct validity; a structural equation model (SEM) showed that the theoretical model fit the observed data well, which indicates that this questionnaire has high consistency and reliability; 2) There were three factors, proactive attitude, proactive behavior, and proactive skills, in the proactive coping scale that all had significant positive correlations; 3) Different age groups and levels of economic consciousness showed significant differences in proactive coping. Results found that if a person is over 65 or whose conscious economic situation is ’ample,’ their proactive coping will be significantly higher than someone under 65 years old or whose consciously economic situation is ’almost sufficient’ or ’not quite enough.’