外部誘因與學習行為：歐盟與波蘭環境政策學習

The Use of External Incentives and Learning Behaviors：European Union and Poland's Environmental Learning

冷戰結束後，透過誘因提供方式促進對外關係發展是歐盟現階段主要特徵，這尤其在歐盟對外推動民主化的議題上可見效果，本文指出歐盟擴大經驗與其提供的誘因機制的確可以帶來極大的政策引導效果，本文認為，此種效果主要是伴隨著幾個要素而來的：首先，歐盟與入盟準會員國間國家權力差異性使得歐盟的誘因效果增強，合宜的誘因提供與負面制裁手段將有助於歐盟達成政策目標；其次，誘因使用的方式具多重性，如經濟誘因與身分地位皆具有程度不一效果；再其次，透過誘因機制的運作，受援國的學習模式將得以緩步確立，並在歐盟條件設定的前提下將歐盟各種規範快速的轉化為國內法律形式。

External Incentives Strategy is one of the most important EU's foreign policy instruments after the end of Cold War. Significant efforts are under way to evaluate more the results of one specific version of democracy promotion；nowhere is this more visible than in the effects of external incentives in EU's neighbor area. In the past decades, the number of members of European Union had increased to 28 in 2013；this growing moment and expanding influences show signs of deeper regional intergration. Political elites of EU select incentives as a dominant strategy when they seek to induce regimes' political transformaton. The huge imbalance in the overall incentive structure and structurally dependence between EU member states and the frequent use of incentives and sanctions for the promotion of democracy, limited research has been devoted to inquire how incentives function in the face of transnational relations. The authors argue that, incentives will likely to create impetus as the target states have more willingness to identify themselves as 'we'group.In the following, this article is structured in three parts. First, the authors argue that focal point of EU's external relation is the use of external incentives； this is also related to regional stability and European integration. Second, the use of incentives can be seen in a way of multiple approaches. Third, the influential model of external incentives rests on bilateral interflow, social learning process and demonstration effects；moreover, credibility and increasing returns reinforce the influence of external incentives.