朝鮮時代儒者對《莊子》理解的傾向性：以朴世堂的《南華經註解刪補》為中心

The Tendency of Confucian Scholars of Joseon Dynasty’s to Understand Zhuang Tzu Thought

朝鮮時代500年間，崇儒抑佛和打擊斯文亂賊意味著朱子學支配著當時的學術。相對而言，道家和佛家作為異端被儒林社會所排斥。近代以前，韓國關於《莊子》研究方面的資料非常少，這與朝鮮時代儒家學者尊崇朱子學，排斥異端觀的學術氛圍有關。朱子在倫理和社會層面上指責老、佛弊端，給朝鮮時代儒家學者的異端觀予以較大的影響。但因儒家學者對道家思想理解有差別所以對異端的認識也有所不同。現存的給莊子做過註釋的僅有朴世堂的《南華經註解刪補》、韓元震的《莊子辨解》、申景濬的《文章準則莊子選》等書。本文擬在朝鮮時代儒家學者對道家思想理解的大範圍內，考察近代以前朝鮮對《莊子》理解的傾向性。在朴世堂的莊子思想理解中，最引人關注的是通過儒家的太極陰陽論來瞭解莊子的宇宙論。這一理解是站在儒家的立場上來解釋莊子思想，同時也表明它是朝鮮朝儒學者們理解莊子思想的一個特別之處。這一點非常有意義。即朝鮮朝或者其他《莊子》注解家韓元震在《莊子辨解》中，除了在「氣一分殊」及正統與異端的框架裡分析莊子思想外，也表明朴世堂的莊子思想理解與朝鮮朝儒學者們的莊子思想理解是共通的。

This paper considers the tendency of Confucianists in the Korean dynasty to comprehend Zhuang Tzu thought. Confucian scholars in the Korean Dynasty who rejected Laozhang thought were considered heretics, and Pu Shi-Tang (朴世堂) was no different. Pu Shi-Tang wrote Nan Hua Jing Zhu Jie Sha Nbu (《南華經註解刪補》) to examine differences between Zhuang Tzu and Confucian thoughts and pursued a more precise understanding of Zhuang Tzu thought through that effort. In particular, Pu Shi-Tang understood Zhuang Tzu’s cosmology through Confucian cosmology. Such a point often appears in the analyses of Zhuang Tzu Qiwulun’s theory. Pu Shi- Tang presented three points of view from the analysis of “Qiwulun.” The first is that the meaning of “Qiwulun” is “to make the idea of a variety of opinions (物論) into one (齊一).” The second admits that “true existence” (真宰) presides over underground things. Finally, he indicated that there are points where the cosmology theories of Confucians and Zhuang Tzu intersect.