英文摘要 |
As shown in a report of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in 2008, the Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and International Investment Agreements (IIAs) have begun to take labour or environmental issues into account, and recent Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) even include environmental chapter in addition to investment one. This phenomenon seems to shape international investment law from a mono-perspective covering only investor protection to dual purposes that incorporate both investor and environmental concern. Closely examined those environmental provisions in BITs, IIAs, or FTAs, they can be roughly classified into nine categories by essence. A single provision, however, can hardly attain the dual goals. This article analyzes the effectiveness of nine categories of environmental provisions and provides suggestion on designing more effective environmental provisions in the field of international investment law. |