參與犯罪之脫離與中止──以我國與德國之法制為核心

Cancellation and Termination of Complicity —A Comparison of the Criminal Legislation in Taiwan and Germany

我國刑法第二十七條第二項對於犯罪參與中止之規定，其要件與單獨正犯之中止幾乎相同，該項立法受到批評，其並未顧及多數人參與犯罪與單獨正犯之差異。中止作為個人解除刑罰事由，對於參與犯罪的數人來說，涉及犯罪結構的解體，當然也就涉及各種參與型態之性質與成立要件。本文之研究即在於指出，參與犯罪之人於進入著手階段後，仍得藉由削減其犯罪貢獻以改變犯罪參與關係，其部分減少者將使犯罪型態改變，由共同正犯變為共犯，而完全排除者則不再為其他成員後續的行為負責。至於成功脫離犯罪參與關係者是否有中止犯成立之可能，按我國法之規定雖不同於德國法，但法理上仍可適用準中止之規定。

In Taiwan’s Criminal Law, a regulation regarding the termination of the involvement in complicity has long been criticized as according to Article 27 of Taiwan’s Criminal Law the constituting elements of this crime are almost the same with those of a solitary principal criminal. Since the termination of complicity involves changes of original structure of crime behaviors, the constitutive element of different sorts of complicity should differ as well. In this regard, this paper attempts to claim that when suspects who involve a crime start to act, they still can change the relationship of complicity by reducing their extent of involvement in a crime so as to prevent themselves from being guilty. Although in this case Taiwan’s criminal law is different from German’s, the regulation of whether full cancellation of involvement in a crime can be regarded guilty can be applied to the regulation of termination by a reference to legal reasoning.