論民事訴訟時效的適用對象

On the Object of the Application of Prescription

中國大陸民法總則的訴訟時效適用對象規定儘管沿襲「向人民法院請求保護民事權利」的立法表述，但自權利性質、比較法規定及現行法體系觀察，對象應限於請求權。身分請求權因為體現人格利益與倫理價值而不罹於時效，但衡諸體系自洽與價值評價，基於身分關係產生的財產請求權應有訴訟時效的適用餘地。因普通動產所生的返還原物請求權亦明確受時效規制。司法解釋規定的不受時效調整的情形應重新檢討，而基於政策考量，經由裁判確定的債權請求權及公益徵收補償請求權也應例外不受時效限制。

Following the legal description of the object of the application of prescription that ‘an application to a people’s court for protection of civil rights’, General Part of the Civil Code in Mainland has confined the object to the right of claims on the viewpoint from the nature of the right, comparative law and current legal system. The claims in identity, which reflects personality interests and moral values, should not be subject to prescription. However, the prescription should have an effect on the property right of claim derived from personal relationship and claim in rem concerning common movable property. The claims not subject to the application of prescription in the concerning Judicial Interpretation, should be reconsidered. Based on political consideration, the claims made by the procedure of judicial enforcement and claims in the taken compensation on public interest, as an exception, should not be subject to the application of prescription.