臺灣職業災害保險法單獨立法之動向與建議──以日本勞災保險法為借鏡

The Trend and Suggestions for Taiwan’s Draft of the Occupational Injury Insurance Act: A Reference to Japan’s Occupational Injuries Act

臺灣的職災救濟制度採取立法例上較為少見的併存主義，由職災補償制度與民事損害賠償所組成；而前者係由雇主勞基法上的補償責任、勞保條例之職災保險給付，以及職災保護法所構成。由於職災救濟制度本身錯綜複雜，各個救濟管道間亦未整合，使得實際的運用上發生許多問題，其中通勤災害是否為勞基法上之職災災害，即為爭議已久的問題之一。目前臺灣正值研擬職業災害保險法單獨立法之際，實為透過立法來解決許多沉痾已久的問題之最佳契機。然而，就2014年職業災害保險法行政院版之草案內容觀之，主管機關實無積極的作為。因此，本文擬以日本勞災保險法為借鏡，就未來的立法方向，提供一些可行的建言。

Taiwan’s workers’ compensation system adopts a relatively rare model - the coexistentialism – which comprises workers’ compensation system and civil liability for damages (and the former consists of employer’s compensation liability under the Labor Standards Act, occupational injury insurance under the Labor Insurance Act and the Act for Protecting Worker of Occupational Accidents).The complexity of workers’ compensation system and disintegration of each compensation method has caused problems in its application, including the longtime argument that whether commuter’s accident is an occupational injury.Currently Taiwan is at a stage contemplating whether the draft of the Occupational Injury Insurance Act should be an independent Act, which is a perfect timing to solve many long-term problems. However, the central authority doesn’t have an active role in the 2014 draft. Hence, this article aims at providing feasible advice on future legislation based on Japan’s Occupational Injuries Act.