臺灣民眾為什麼不信任司法？一個模糊集合的分析   全文下載

Why Do Taiwanese Distrust the Judiciary? A Fuzzy-Set Analysis

司法體系主動或被動涉入政治，加上內部的政治問題，讓司法體系成為不被信任的制度。針對臺灣民眾普遍不信任司法的現象，從個體層次的迴歸分析發現，比較不屬於主觀偏見的司法知識、是否去過法院、是否贏得官司，以及性別、年齡、教育、收入等基本人口學變項都是具有影響力的因素。當司法不信任不能被輕易地歸咎於黨派立場等可能帶有偏見的政治因素時，顯示臺灣的司法體系必定有其需要檢討之處。以模糊集合分析進一步發現，不同因素的交互作用會產生多條形成司法不信任的因果路徑，除了贏得官司的民眾不會不信任司法外，其他不論去過或沒去過法院、具備高司法知識或缺乏司法知識、男性或女性、各種年齡層、不同教育程度及高低收入的民眾都有可能不信任司法，端視與哪些因素交互作用而定。依據不同特徵的條件組合，不信任司法的臺灣民眾可分為12 種，也就是無法指稱司法不信任只是存在於某一類或少數幾類人當中的特殊現象。臺灣民眾不信任司法的人數相當多，亦有非常多種類型，不信任的個體因素也非全然是帶有偏見的黨派因素，因此，可以說臺灣的司法體系面臨相當嚴重的正當性問題。

The Judicial system is entangled with politics, so some citizens do not trust the judiciary. The result of regression analysis shows that the distrust in judiciary in Taiwan is caused by the variables such as judicial knowledge, whether have been to the courts, whether won lawsuits, gender, age, education and income. If the distrust in judiciary cannot be simply attributed to the prejudice such as party identification, there must be something wrong with the judicial system. The analysis of fuzzy-set demonstrates that the interactions among different conditions produce several causal paths to the distrust in judiciary. No single variable or a set of specific variables can explain the distrust. Instead, many conditions could cause the distrust, depending on other conditions with which they interact. Those who distrust the judiciary can be classified into twelve categories based on their causal configurations. So it is not plausible to claim that the distrust in judiciary exists only in a group of typical people. The percentage of Taiwanese distrusting in judiciary is high, prejudice and subjective evaluation do not explain the distrust in judiciary exclusively, and there is a variety of configurations of conditions causing the distrust. Therefore, the legitimacy of judicial system in Taiwan is shaky and seriously challenged.