被害人教義學在刑事司法中的適用——以集資詐騙罪為中心

On The Application of Viktimodogmatik In Criminal Justice

建立在刑法的輔助性和最後手段性原則基礎上的被害人教義學，主張被害人的處分自由及其信賴保護。被害人教義學的憲法根基是源於人之尊嚴的人格自由發展條款。主流刑法學界在研究集資詐騙犯罪時，均未曾認真對待被害人，對被害人的出資實質上是以高利借貸的方式進行投資認識不足。司法經驗表明，大多數集資詐騙案件中的被害人並無認識錯誤，其貪圖暴利而自陷風險才是犯罪既遂的真正原因。無視被害人對實害結果發生所起的支配作用，不借助被害人教義學來限縮解釋集資詐騙罪，對行為人來說無疑是不公正的。家長主義刑法只能使刑法成為被害人的大憲章，而不是犯罪行為人的大憲章。在刑事司法中應該適用被害人教義學對家長主義刑事立法予以限縮解釋。

The gist of Viktimodogmatik is to respect the right of disposition of the victim, to advocate trust protection by the victim,and its legal basis is the auxiliary and final means principle of criminal law. The constitutional foundation of the Viktimodogmatik is free development of personality derived from human dignity. When researching into the crime of fraud in financing,most scholars of science of criminal law have not been taking the victim seriously.The victim’s usury leasehold behavior is essentially to invest,criminal scholars are lacking to recognise it.The criminal judicial experience shows, most of victims in fundraising fraud cases has no error of cognition, that victim’s falling into risk by himself for the pursuit of high profit is an important reason for this crime accomplished offense.If ignoring the role and position of the victim in fundraising fraud cases, and not try to limit the interpretation of legal norms crime of fraud in financing with the aid of the Viktimodogmatik, it will be undoubtedly unfair to the criminals in fundraising fraud cases. The paternalism in criminal law just only make the criminal law become the Magna Carta of the victims, rather than the criminals. In criminal justice the Viktimodogmatik should be applied to limit the interpretation of the paternalism in criminal law.