南美洲「南南合作」型國際高等教育 區域合作探析

A Study of Regional Higher Education Cooperation in South America

兩極對立的冷戰結束後，世界經濟全球化與區域化進程加速。拉丁美洲亦循南南合作型態投入經濟區域整合建設的行列中。其中，南美的南方共同市場（Mercado Común del Sur, MERCOSUR）希冀透過國際高教南南型區域交流合作計畫，促進區域整合進程。本研究採文件分析法為研究工具，旨從區域組織及大學聯盟兩個層次，解析南美國家以南南型高教區域合作為策略促進其區內高教國際化及區域整合發展之作為、成效及挑戰。研究發現南美洲之南南合作似有區域霸權的出現，須避免區域國家間不對稱發展，故宜弱化區域強國主導之體系結構；其次，不同組織各循途徑致力南南型高教合作，應協作及互補以達加乘效果；再者，南南型之區域高教計畫可運用的經費有限，尚須尋求區外經費的挹注，且有鑑於區際交流的重要性，北南合作仍不可或缺，而南北南三方合作模式持續發展中；最後，國內主政當局宜積極構思如何透過高教學術全面國際合作與交流之途徑，開創參與區域發展之多元性及可能性。

After the end of the bipolar confrontation of the Cold War, the globalization of the world economy and the process of regional integration have accelerated. This worldwide phenomenon has attracted Latin America involvement in the construction of regional economic integration through South-South Cooperation (SSC). Among different zones of regional integration in Latin America, Southern Common Market Treaty (MERCOSUR) was established in 1991 that not only has gained progress in economy, but also has promoted the regional cooperation in education. Furthermore, higher education is considered as one of the key propellers of regional integration. The aim and meaning of this research lay in the analysis of the characteristics of MERCOSUR regional policies in the area of higher education as part of the broader political project within the integration agreement, focusing on the relevant discussions and problems of such regional policies and its relationship with the national definition of public policies. The research methods include literature analysis and document analysis. This research, by means of the examination of related bibliographies, attempts to analyze the planning and application of the above-mentioned topics.