某醫學中心護理人員職場暴力發生率及其相關因素探討

The Incidence of Workplace Violence and it s Related Factors among Nurses in a Medical Center

目的： 探討某醫學中心護理人員工作職場暴力發生率及其相關影響因子。
方法： 橫斷性研究設計，方便取樣共發出650 份，回收有效問卷共619 份，回收率95.2%。
結果： 351 位（56.7%）護理人員一年內曾遭遇職場「言語暴力」；115 位（18.6%）一年內曾遭遇職場「身體暴力」；言語暴力的發生來源主要為病人家屬281人（80.1%）；身體暴力的發生來源主要為病人96 人（83.5%）。言語暴力在不同科別、教育程度、近一年內是否參加職場暴力教育訓練有顯著差異（p <.05）。身體暴力在不同科別、教育程度、輪班、近一年內是否參加職場暴力教育訓練有顯著差異（p <.05）。遭受職場暴力後對護理人員的前三項影響分別為：78% 感到生氣、73% 感到委屈、68% 在工作上會更加小心謹慎來避免職場暴力。
結論： 建議應針對暴力防範措施進行整體規劃，建立和諧的工作氛圍，強化相關在職教育與實際演練，增進溝通能力，降低發生率，營造安全護理職場。

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and related factors of nursing workplace violence in a medical center.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study involving 650 self-administered questionnaires distributed through purposive sampling. A total of 619 valid surveys were returned, a response rate of 95.2%.
Result: In the survey, 351 (56.7%) nurses experienced verbal abuse in the workplace within one year and 115 (18.6%) suffered from physical violence over the same period of time. Patient’s relatives were the main source of verbal abuse towards nurses, accounting for 281 (80.1%) cases. The main source of physical violence was the patients with 96 (83.5%) cases. Factors influencing verbal abuse to a level of statistical significance (p<.05) include different specialties, education level and attendance of workplace violence education training in the previous year. Different specialties, educational level, shift work and previous training in workplace violence are associated with physical violence (p<0.05). Work place violence has the following effects: anger (78% of surveys), a sense of aggrievement (73%), increased cautiousness at work to avoid further abuse (68%)
Conclusion: We recommend establishing overall workplace violence preventive measures to create a harmonious working environment. Reinforcing occupational training and simulation as well as strengthening communication skills will reduce incidents of violence and create a safe nursing workplace.