論新五倫及其核心價值   全文下載

New Five Ethic Relationships and Their Core Values

「德、智、體、群、美」五育是國家揭示的國民教育目標，德育及群育占其中的五分之二，在實際的教育情境中，學校推動「品德教育」及「情意教學」來培養學生的品德及人群關係。五倫之教（父子有親、君臣有義、夫婦有別、長幼有序、朋友有信）是中華文化的根，朱熹的白鹿洞書院學規將五倫列為「五教之目」，再輔以「為學之序」、「修身之要」以及「處世之要」。然而，當前社會人際的複雜關係，使父子、君臣、夫婦、兄弟、朋友都有「多元分歧」的定義，五倫之核心價值「親、義、別、愛、信」也都難有固定的詮釋。是以，當前的學校教育，品德與情意教學不再強調（銜接）五倫或五常（仁、義、禮、智、信）之教。本文將「品德教育」界定為教如何做人、學人際關係、養品格情操、育責任公民，將情意教學界定為「全人格性情」的教育，主要內涵包括處理「七情俱」的情緒→發展「致中和」的情感→以及孕育「成風範」的情操，是以從「學生」一輩子的「人際關係」與「情感表達」為軸心，倡議「新五倫及其核心價值」的建構與實踐，作為品德教育及情意教學的發展趨勢。目前的研發成果是：第一倫「家人關係」：核心價值是親密、關照、依存。第二倫「同儕關係」：核心價值是認同、合作、共榮。第三倫「師生關係」：核心價值是責任、創新、智慧。第四倫「勞僱關係」：核心價值是專業、傳承、創價。第五倫「群己關係」：核心價值是包容、尊重、博愛。

Moral, intelligence, physical sense, sociality and aesthetics are main purposes of national education. Schools appropriate moral and affective education to cultivate pupils’ morality and sociality. In the past, five ethic relationships between father and son, king and servants, husband and wife, siblings and friends are the root of Chinese culture. In Zhu Xi’s Confucianism interpretation, he listed these five ethic relationships as essential guidelines of learning, self-cultivation, and interacting with others. Yet, social and ethic relationships now are much more complicated than they were in the past. Social and ethic relationships have diverse identifications. Thus, the education nowadays had no longer emphasis on five relationships or five virtues.
In this paper, I aim to resituate moral education as a means of learning being a human, proper social skills, morality and being a responsible citizen. Also, I redefine affective education as a means of cultivating a full sensed personality. It should include that to manage all senses of feelings, then to develop eclectic emotions, and then to cultivate as a full integrated sentiment. Thus, by emphasizing on students’ social relationships and emotional expression, I propose that the new five ethic relationships below and its core values shall be the research trend of moral and affective education:
‧ First, the ethic relationships within family members, its core values are intimacy, care and dependency.
‧ Second, the ethic relationships within peer groups, its core values are identity, cooperation and thriving.
‧ Third, the ethic relationships between teacher and students, its core values are responsibility, creativity and wisdom.
‧ Fourth, the ethic relationships within employment, its core values are profession, innovation and sustainability.
‧ Fifth, the ethic relationships between individual and society, its core values are inclusion, respect and love.