運動動機量表第二版之構念效度

The Construct Validity of Revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II) An Event-Related Potential and Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Study

緒論：運動動機量表 (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Briere, & Blais, 1995) 是最常被廣泛使用的工具之一，以自我決定理論的觀點對於選手們為何參與運動的動機提供豐富的知識基礎，不過這份量表卻面臨到許多心理計量的挑戰和批評，因此Pelletier, Rocchi, Vallerand, Deci與Ryan (2013) 提出具體的解決方案，處理運動動機量表的潛在問題，參與者皆為成年人，利用他們的資料發展出一份具有效度和信度的測量工具；亦即運動動機量表第二版。因此，本研究的目的是延展Pelletier等的研究，藉由兩組青少年的獨立樣本驗證中文化運動動機量表第二版的結構效度和信度。方法：本研究共徵募430名中學運動員為研究對象，主要的統計方法是驗證性因素分析、簡單相關分析以及多元迴歸分析。結果：運動動機量表第二版具有可接受的因素效度、區別效度、收歛效度、組合信度以及跨性別和跨學制的恆等性，內在動機、整合調節、認同調節、內射調節、外在調節和無動機之間的關係以及它們與基本心理需求和康寧/病寧指標之間的關係皆呈現一種擬單工組型，符合自我決定理論，其律則效度獲得支持。結論：運動動機量表第二版是一份具有心理計量品質的問卷，適用於測量運動選手在運動動機上的採用情形。

Introduction: Sport Motivation Scale (SMS, Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, Briere, & Blais, 1995) is the most wildly used motivational instrument, in which an extensive knowledge base regarding why athletes participate in sporting activities from the perspectives of self-determination theory has been created. However, this scale has faced some challenges and criticisms about its psychometric properties, Pelletier, Rocchi, Vallerand, Deci, and Ryan (2013) provided concrete solutions to deal with the potential problems existed in SMS and developed a valid and reliable measurement, SMS-II using separate samples of adults. The purpose of this study was to extend the study of Pelletier et al. and examine the construct validity and reliability of Chinese version of the Revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II, Pelletier, et al., 2013) via two independent samples of adolescent athletes. Methods: 430 adolescent athletes were recruited to participate this study. Main statistic analyses included confirmatory factor analyses, simple correlation, and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analyses showed that the hypothesized model of SMS-II had acceptable factorial validity, discriminant validity, convergent validity, cross-groups invariance, and construct reliability. The correlational results provided the nomoligical validity for SMS-II according to a quasi simplex pattern as expected by self-determination theory found in the relations among the subscales of intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation and the relations of these six subscales to basic psychological needs and well-/ill-being indexes. Conclusion: According to these results, SMS-II has a good psychometric property and is suitable to measure the adoption of athletes’ multiple types of sport motivation.