德國當前中等教育階段國際交流政策之分析：以語言外交政策之觀點為分析視角

Analysis of the Current International Exchange Policies in Secondary Education in Germany: From the Perspective of the Diplomatic Language Policy

在全球化的浪潮下，不管是高等教育或初、中等教育，都面臨了國際化的衝擊與需求。為此，許多國家皆透過各種措施，積極開拓不同教育階段的國際化面向。就目前中等教育階段來看，跨國間的學校與學生國際交流，是臺灣近年來所關注的焦點之一。而德國自1990年代中葉以來，與美國、法國及歐盟地區，早已建立起多樣的交流關係；並且，德國外交部自2008年開始推動「中小學校：未來的夥伴」計畫，更進一步擴展與其他國家間的交流。本研究因此聚焦在德國中等教育國際交流的政策與實際面：一方面透過重要的官方文件及相關的歷史文獻，探討德國在中等教育階段所進行的國際交流之歷史沿革、政策取向與實際作為；另一方面，有鑒於德國中等教育的國際交流政策著重於推動德語的學習，因此，本研究透過語言文化外交政策與外交理論中的新現實主義之理論視野，檢視德國近年來所推動的交流政策之內涵，並在這樣的架構下提出幾項結論：1.德國長期以來即把語言外交政策視為是整體文化外交教育政策之重要一環；2.德國之所以將語言之推廣視為中等教育交流之重要途徑，主要著眼於語言所帶來的種種利益；3.德國在目前的國際情勢下，所積極追求的是影響力的發揮，因而語言之推廣成為其所選擇的利器。

In the era of globalization, all the education systems, including higher education institutes as well as primary and secondary schools, are facing the impact of internationalization. For this reason, many countries have been actively exploring various internationalization strategies at different stages of education. In recent years, the international exchange between schools and students is one of the focuses at the secondary education stage in Taiwan. However, since the mid-1990s, Germany has already built up a variety of exchange relations with the United States, France and other nations of EU; in addition to that, German Ministry of Foreign Affairs also began to promote " Schulen: Partner der Zukunft, PASCH " program in 2008, with the aim to expand exchanges to other countries. This study focuses on the international exchange policies and programs at secondary education stage in Germany. It describes, on one side, the historical development and the practical policies; on the other side, it tries to analyze these polices in the context of foreign policies, because the German international exchange policy aims to promote the learning of German in foreign countries. And in the light of new realism, this study puts forward three arguments: 1. It is a long tradition that the foreign language policy has been deemed as an important means of foreign culture polices; 2. The reason for this orientation is based on the fact that it brings about many profits when a language is widely and globally accepted as an international language; 3. After 1990’ Germany has gained more power in the world. Its new aim is thus set to have more influence on the other countries. Promoting the statue of German school system in other countries has become its prime choice.