日本九年一貫型「義務教育學校」的設立與爭議：學制變革觀點

Exploring the Organization and Debates of the “Grade 1-9 Integrated” Type “Compulsory Education Schools” in Japan: Perspectives of the School System Change

教育制度係為在教育組織或作用上，受社會所公認之系統。其中，學制、學期制度與教育行政制度更被認為是構成整體教育系統之基礎架構制度。由於制度本身的不易變動特質，因此牽涉到制度變革的教改方案，往往會引發議論，成為要使改革成功必須突破的關鍵。本文主旨，即在於就學制變革之觀點，援引日本合併現行中小學，自2016年開始實施的九年一貫式之「義務教育學校」制度案例進行論述。本文以分析日本相關文獻，對義務教育學校之定義、導入背景、制度內涵進行探究，再經由闡述當前試辦狀況與三種實際上之實施型態，以學制變革之觀點探究並分析其引發之爭議與課題焦點。最後在研究結論上，本文提出探究學制變革、整合師資培育制度、驅動學校革新方向與確認學制變革空間之四項啟示，期能作為我國學制改革研議上的參照。

The education institution is a recognized system by the society as its functions on educational organization or action. Among them, school system, semester system, and the system of educational administration have been considered to constitute the infrastructure of the system as fundamental frames. Since the nature of the system itself is not easy to change, educational reform projects that involve system change were often leading to debates and became the key to successful reform. Therefore, by the method of literature review, the purpose of this article is based on the viewpoint of the possibility of changing school systems, citing the Japan “Grade 1-9 integrated type” compulsory education school case implemented by law since 2016. This article starts with the analysis of debated issues and focused subjects by exploring its definitions, implement background, institutional connotations, and ends with the discussion of possibilities of changing school system by describing the current condition and three patterns of grade 1-9 integrated schools. Finally, based on these discussed above issues , this article proposes four key revelations as a reference for Taiwan authorities to deliberate on the reform of the school system.