青少年暴力行為之研究：暴力認知以及友伴特質的影響   全文下載

An Investigation of Adolescent Violent Behavior: The Influence of Cognitive Violence and Peer Characteristics

近年來台灣暴力事件屢屢震驚社會，針對青少年時期暴力行為形成的研究實為迫切。本研究從公共衛生與流行病學的上游防制的觀點，探討影響青少年暴力行為的早期社會因素。本研究從認知偏誤的研究以及晚近犯罪學／偏差社會學的理論發展中對於個人所處環境與其所持的社會基模與攻擊性行為關聯的研究出發，探討青少年所處的環境對於其暴力認知的涵養，進而使其較易選擇用暴力的方式來處理人際的關係，而有較高的暴力行為。此外，本研究更進一步從友伴網絡的觀點出發，探討友伴的暴力認知與暴力行為對青少年本身的暴力行為之影響。依據一筆台灣本土的青少年友伴網絡資料之分析結果，顯示青少年的暴力認知與暴力行為受到父母的負面教養、青少年所居住鄰里的凝聚力，以及個人本身的受害經驗所影響，而暴力認知也顯著地影響青少年的暴力行為。此外，相較於友伴的暴力認知，友伴的暴力行為更能夠解釋青少年暴力行為的高低，顯示出社會學習理論中的仿效效果。本研究依據這些發現進行理論上的詮釋。

Research on the formation of violent behavior during adolescence has become a pressing issue with violent crime continuing to be a threat to Taiwan society. Adopted an up-stream perspective from public health/ epidemiology, the current study investigates social factors that influence the formation of adolescent violent behavior. On the basis of research on cognitive bias and recent theoretical development in criminology/sociology of deviance on the relationship between social schema and aggressive behavior, the current study investigates environment factors that foster adolescent violent cognition as well as the impact of the violent cognition on adolescent violent behavior. In addition, from peer network perspective, the current study further investigates the influence of peer violent cognition and behavior on adolescent violent behavior. Using peer network data from a group of Taiwanese adolescents, the findings show that negative parenting, neighborhood cohesion of adolescent residency, and victimization influence the formation of adolescent violent cognition and behavior. The violent cognition, as predicted in the theories, influences adolescent violent behavior. Compared with peer violent cognition, peer violent behavior exerts higher influence on adolescent violent behavior, indicating an imitation (modeling) effect in social learning theory. The theoretical meaning of these findings are discussed.