德國修復式正義之近期發展與實踐狀況

The Development and Application of Restorative Justice in Germany

有關修復式正義的概念，在我國司法實務上被稱為「修復式司法」，並以此為名進行實務操作。我國目前有關修復式司法的運行是沒有法律依據的，因而如何將修復式司法納入刑事法體系中，使刑事司法得以具體操作，應該是未來努力的方向。在其他國家稱為「修復式正義」的概念，在德國則以「犯罪人與被害人調解及再復原」制度的面貌呈現，乃德國近三十幾年來刑事政策上最引人關注的議題。「犯罪人與被害人調解及再復原」制度（簡稱TOA），是毫無停歇地全面進入德國刑事法體系中。因此，本文以下針對該制度在德國刑事法各個領域的影響以及立法發展與實踐狀況加以介紹，以比較法觀點，對於我國對於該議題的視野拓展，或未來我國法制變革的參考，應有所助益。

Restorative justice is an approach to justice that focuses on the needs of the victims and the offenders, as well as the involved community, instead of satisfying abstract legal principles or punishing the offender. Victims take an active role in the process, while offenders are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions, “to repair the harm they’ve done— by apologizing, returning stolen money, or community service”. In addition, it provides help for the offender in order to avoid future offences. It is based on a theory of justice that considers crime and wrongdoing to be an offence against an individual or community, rather than the state. Restorative justice that fosters dialogue between victim and offender shows the highest rates of victim satisfaction and offender accountability. This article shows, the development and application of restorative justice in Germany. Then with the concept and the practical experiences of the application of restorative justice in Germany could be brought for the Taiwanese penalty system a proposal review.