複合式直排輪課程對高職智能障礙學生體適能與動作技巧之影響

Effects of an Integrated In-Line Skating Program on Motor Skills and Physical Fitness in Students with Intellectual Disabilities of Senior Vocational Schools

緒論：體適能與動作技巧對智能障礙者獨立生活及社會適應十分重要，但智能障礙者體適能與動作技巧表現明顯落後於同年齡一般無障礙同儕，因此，對於智能障礙者而言，能夠有效提升其體適能與動作技巧的活動就顯得非常重要。本研究目的為探討12週複合式直排輪課程對高職智能障礙學生體適能和動作技巧之成效。方法：研究參與者為42位 (實驗組 21名；控制組 21名)，年齡介於15-19歲之男性高職智能障礙學生。以Brockport體適能測驗 (Brockport Physical Fitness Test) 測量體適能；以布因式-歐西瑞斯基動作精練度評量第二版 (Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, BOT-2) 測量動作技巧。以混合設計二因子 (組別 x 時間；2 x 2) 變異數分析考驗實驗介入處理的成效，當交互作用達顯著時則以簡單主要效果進行事後檢定，本研究顯著差異水準設為 p < .05。結果：12週複合式直排輪課程介入後，(一) 實驗組20公尺漸速折返跑前 (F = 7.28, p < .05) 後 (F = 15.55, p < .01) 測分別顯著優於控制組前後測，且實驗組後測顯著優於其前測 (F = 23.44, p < .01)，而控制組則沒有明顯進步 (F = 1.36, p = .26)；(二) 實驗組身體質量指數明顯增加 (F = 6.92, p < .05)，控制組則無明顯差異 (F = 0.02, p = .90)；(三) 實驗組整體動作技巧前 (F = 6.89, p < .05) 後 (F = 8.59, p < .01) 測分別顯著優於控制組前後測，且實驗組 (F = 18.04, p < .01) 與控制組 (F = 7.00, p < .05) 整體動作技巧均顯著提升。結論：12週複合式直排輪課程能有效提升高職智能障礙學生的心肺適能與整體動作技巧。

Introduction: Motor skills and physical fitness are very important for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) to have an independent life and high sense of social adaptation capability. However, individuals with ID demonstrated poor motor skills and physical fitness as compared to their typically developing peers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an integrated in-line skating program on motor skills and physical fitness in students with ID of senior vocational schools. Methods: Forty-two male students with ID (experimental group, n = 21; control group, n = 21), aged 15-19 years, participated. Motor skills and physical fitness levels were measured by using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (Second Edition) and Brockport Physical Fitness Test, respectively. Primary data analysis of a pretest–posttest control group design was conducted using a mixed 2-way (group x time; 2 x 2) analysis of variance model. When the ANOVA revealed interactions, simple main effect analyses were performed. Statistical significance was set at a level of p < .05. Results: After 12-week training, (1) the experiment group had significantly better scores on 20M PACER than the control group (pretest, F = 7.28, p < .05; posttest, F = 15.55, p < .01); the experimental group exhibited significant improvements compared with baseline (F = 23.44, p < .01), whereas the control group had no significant differences (F = 1.36, p = .26); (2) the experimental group showed significantly higher BMI values after training (F = 6.92, p < .05), whereas the control group had no significant differences between the pretest and posttest (F = 0.02, p = .90); (3) the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scores on total motor composite than the control group (pretest, F = 6.89, p < .05; posttest, F = 8.59, p < .01), and both experimental (F = 18.04, p < .01) and the control groups (F = 7.00, p < .05) showed significant differences before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The results suggest that a 12-week integrated in-line skating program positively affected the cardiorespiratory fitness and total motor composite in students with ID.