訴客觀合併之類型論──基於當事人程序處分權之觀點

On Types of Claims Joinder ─In View of Party’s Procedural Rights

訴之客觀合併為程序法上制度，其類型態樣應本於當事人程序上處分之意思，基於原告所附加之裁判條件予以區別，而不應求諸於合併請求之實體法上關係為何，如不違反其他訴訟法上基本要求，在類型上應無限定之必要。於預備合併之情形，不應僅限於實體上具有排斥關係者；於選擇合併，亦不應僅限於請求權競合之情形。法院應闡明原告擬為合併之態樣及裁判條件為何，是否就全數均為裁判，或排列各請求之裁判先後順序，抑或擇一有理由為裁判，而不應逕將之認為屬何類合併。

This article discusses types of claims joinder. A plaintiff may join as many claims,related or unrelated, for relief as he has against the named defendant. He/she can alsoassert claims in the alternative, with the subordinate claim (Hilfsantrag) only to be decidedin the event that relief is not available on the claim in chief (Hauptantrag). The types ofjoinder shall be based on plaintiff’s choice and not be limited in general.