對外締約程序邁向法制化之新頁──簡評「條約締結法」

New Age for Treaty-Making Process: Commentary of 2015 Treaty-Making Law

條約締結法於民國一○四年七月一日正式公布施行，外交部鑑於條約及協定之範圍，以及在條約締結程序中總統、行政院、立法院職權之行使，應提升為法律位階而非僅以準則訂定之，因此二十餘年來持續推動本法之立法工作。條約締結法係依據我國憲法規定、參酌國際法及締約實務、並衡酌我國情與條約與協定處理準則，使條約之締結與審議有法律明文可資遵循。本文將簡評新制定之條約締結法，主要探討問題包括：(一)「條約」與「協定」之範圍如何區分；(二)條約締結程序中行政與立法權之界線是否清楚；(三)條約締結之透明化與保密規定如何兼顧。

Treaty-Making Law adopted and implemented on July 1, 2015. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs considered the issues of the different scope between Treaty and Agreement, and to what extent that the power of the President, the Administrative Yuan, and the Legislative Yuan under the treaty-making process, better explicitly written into the “law” rather than in lower level “administrative regulation”. For this regard, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs continued working on Treaty-Making Law legislative process in the last two decades. This 2015 Treaty-Making Law is generally based on R.O.C. Constitution, the practice of international law, as well as the circumstance in Taiwan. This Law aims at establishing