試論羈押審查程序合憲閱卷權之建構──美國法借鏡

The Constitutional Access to the Investigation File by the Defendant’s Lawyer in the Detention Hearing —The Lessons of the US Law

有關羈押審查階段是否應賦予辯護人甚至是被告閱卷權，是近十多年來我國刑事法學界所關切重點問題之一，本文嘗試藉由參酌美國憲法學理以及實證法制規定，對於此一問題可能之解決模式，提出淺見。本文以為，美國法在以憲法言論自由以及正當程序等原則為基礎下，該國羈押審查程序係以公開為原則，同時賦予辯護人得檢視檢方聲押卷證之權利，此等學理與法制，是可以參考的；不過，該國法制其配套之設計，諸如延緩羈押審查程序進行與指定辯護等制度，於參酌時，似亦有援引之必要。最後就釋憲標的言，從凸顯正當程序保障以及未來整體法制建構之角度看，似以刑訴法第一○一條第二與三項作為標的為宜。

Whether the defendant’s lawyer is entitled to be access to the investigation file has been a serious debate in the last decade in Taiwan. Referring to the constitutional jurisprudence as well as the positive regulations in the US, this paper argues that the defendant’s lawyer should have the right to review the evidence that is used by the prosecutor for motioning to detain the defendant. However, to maintain an efficient investigation, while allowing the defendant’s lawyer to be access to the investigation file, other mechanisms, which are parts of the US detention hearing, should be introduced to Taiwan, too.