RCA判決與環境責任法制之關聯性

RCA Judgement and Its Relation to the Environmental Liability Legal System

本文從RCA判決所呈現出的環境損害賠償訴訟的法律爭議出發，從環境法觀點探究環境責任法制之建構可能性。環境損害賠償的爭議主要是損害責任主體、侵權要件、賠償範圍、因果關係以及科學證據等議題。目前環境賠償訴訟多依賴民事侵權責任法制。然而，環境損害所生的生態破壞、人民健康風險、影響時間、範圍與規模均與傳統損害不同，加上從訴訟過程中顯示出環境損害賠償訴訟所耗費的社會與司法資源相當大，在未來應透過立法健全環境責任法制，才能真正解決社會衝突。

This article will assume the legal disputes of the environmental damage legal proceedings from the RCA judgment and discuss how to build the environmetal liabilitiy law system from the perspective of the environmental law. The important issues relate to the subject of responsibility, tort elements, the scope of compensation, causation and the scientific evidence. The environmental legal proceedings rely on the tort in civil liability. However, environmental damage is different from the traditional tort regarding to the damage of ecological systems, human health risks, the length of time, the scope and the degree of the damage. The considerable social and judical resources were consumed during the proceeding of the environmental damage lawsuit. With the improvment of environmental liability legal system, social conflicts in the future can be avoided and resolved.