兩岸籃球的治理：球隊與球員遷徙的案例研究

The governance of basketball across the taiwan strait: The case of migration of the team/players

緒論：臺灣籃球研究者已就利害關係人/團體的動態關係之於臺灣籃球的發展的影響與重要性做在地觀點的審視，包括過去對於中華職籃的成立與封館、超級籃球聯賽的運作以及高中籃球聯賽的發展等臺灣籃球治理相關議題，然而，除了在地觀點外，我國對中國大陸的運動連結亦對於臺灣籃球的治理產生脈絡性的影響，本文因此跳脫在地觀點，以兩岸關係的的角度，探討臺灣籃球發展的治理議題。方法：採行質性研究方法中雙個案設計，運用半結構式訪談與文獻內容分析法，針對臺灣籃球發展系統中的關鍵利害關係人進行訪談，包含五個政治人物與政府官員、三個球隊領隊或代表、三個運動協會代表、兩個贊助商或商業代表、五個球員及教練代表、三個媒體代表以及一個學術專家代表，並輔以Nvivo 10質性分析軟體，進行資料編碼與分析臺灣特殊的籃球治理系統並建立其運作框架。結果：關鍵利害關係人隨著結構與議題為動態的關係，兩岸籃球的連結實為一系列脈絡性政治與經濟因素，而非單純的運動產業交流。結論：本文所採用的新浪獅移籍案例中，雖然政府最終皆作為關鍵的利害關係人與球團協商相關議題，然而，政府內部的最終決策者，實是在於體委會 (現體育署) 與陸委會之間變動，這樣的研究結果反應政府的主要訴求，並不在於運動發展，而在於國家尊嚴。在球員轉移至中國大陸的案例中，利害關係人或團體在系統治理的框架中，亦呼應了訴求變動的事實，對比過去研究顯示CBA職業聯盟與SBL準職業聯盟的營運案例，治理理念與訴求的確在面對兩岸議題時，呈現不同的取向。此外，綜合過去研究與本研究的兩案例，本研究所以提供之宏觀角度使臺灣籃球發展之相關研究，在不同層次治理分析更趨完備。

Introduction: As previous studies had highlighted the importance of local dynamics in the interactions between groups of key stakeholders in processes affecting the development of basketball in Taiwan, for example, the establishment/collapse of the Chinese Basketball Alliance, the operation of the Super Basketball League, the development of High School Basketball League, and so on. Other than local dynamics, the sporting link with China also represents an important contextual element in the governance of basketball in Taiwan. This study therefore moved from a ‘local’ focus onto sporting links with China to explore the macro context relationship across the Taiwan Strait in the basketball system for governance issues. Methods: This study adopted a qualitative case-study approach, which was based on documentary material and semi-structured interviews, to generate a framework by which to analyze governance of Taiwan’s specific basketball system. Empirical work involved interviews with stakeholders within the elite basketball system from eight groups, namely 5 government officials, 3 politicians, 3 club representatives, 3 members of staff of sports agencies, 2 business representative/sponsors, 5 coaches/players, 3 media representatives, and 1 academic expert. Interview transcripts were subject to coding by employing Nvivo 10 qualitative data analysis software. Coding and analysis were undertaken by employing a content analysis approach in order to deal with policy making for sport and its consequences for the development of basketball. Results: The basketball link across Taiwan Strait is a critical contextual set of factors which is more than simply the basketball business and it has significance for understanding the governance system and the changing of the structure of key stakeholders as (political or sport) issues change. Conclusion: The two events in this paper, though government was a key stakeholder, the department, which ultimately took responsibility to negotiate with the club, was not the Sports Affairs Council but the Mainland Affairs Council. This reflects the fact that the government’s main concern was not sport development but national dignity. The issues of club migration and player migration illustrate how the Taiwan government, the club and the Chinese government dealt with the issue of cross-strait basketball exchange, and the actors and the interests represented in the systemic governance illustrated in this paper are almost entirely different when comparing to the operation of the CBA and the SBL. Combined with previous research including incident and process, and the two events which discussed in this paper, allows us to evaluate governance issues at different levels of specificity.