護理人員內外控特質對生涯壓力之影響：兼論組織生涯支持的中介效應

A Study on Teaching Hospital Nurses’ Locus of Control and Career Stress: The Mediating Effects of Organizational Career Support

背景：本研究旨在探討內外控特質對護理人員生涯壓力之影響，同時採用知覺支持有助於降低平日壓力的保護功能觀點，進行組織生涯支持在此歷程中的中介效應分析。方法：問卷資料蒐集自台灣南部一所教學醫院，研究工具包括工作內外控量表、生涯壓力量表、組織生涯支持量表，以277份有效問卷進行結構方程模式分析，採「部分觀察變項徑路分析取向」考驗假設模式之適配度，顯著水準為.05。結果：研究結果發現，測量和結構模式適配度高但僅有部分假設得到支持，中介效應未獲得支持。護理人員外控正向解釋生涯壓力，內控正向解釋知覺組織生涯支持；知覺組織生涯支持和知覺生涯壓力兩者各自呈現了護理人員在專業生涯發展歷程中的不同情感向度。結論與建議：護理人員內外控特質對其感受組織生涯支持、生涯壓力有一定解釋力，值得未來進一步探究。同時，本研究根據結果提出後續研究模式，並建議醫療領域有關人事甄選及生涯管理實務之應用。

Purpose: The study examined the relationship between nurses’ locus of control and their perceived career stress. In addition, we explored the mediating role of organizational career support, giving attention to stress-protective effects of perceived support. Method: A survey was carried out and data were collected from a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. Work Locus of Control Scale (WLCS), Career Stress Scale (CSS), and Organizational Career Support Scale (OCSS) were employed. Using structural equation modeling, an observed variable path analysis (OVPA) was used to demonstrate the goodness-of-fit of the hypothesized model, at the .05 significance level. Results: The model fit the data well. However, the hypotheses were partially supported, suggesting that the mediating effect of organizational career support did not exist between the nurses' work locus of control and their perceived career stress. Instead, career stress and organizational career support could contribute to a holistic description of contemporary nurses’ affective experiences in career, and they were explained by different locus of control. Namely, the nurses’ external locus of control positively explained career stress, and the career support that they received from the hospital was positively explained by internal locus of control at work. Conclusion and implications: The nurses’ work locus of control explained the variance in their perceived experiences of organizational career support and career stress. Further research should give attention to a clarification of the rationale underlying the variables. Implications for further research as well as hospital management were discussed.