永續環境與有限政府──永續發展的民主課題

Sustainable Environment and Limited Government: Democracy and Sustainable Development

永續發展，觀念淵源流長，成為一項國際社會的專門語彙，並獲有「正式」定義，逐步成為全球性的共通語言，再轉化為各國施政方針、政策計畫與法制建構之基本原則，始自一九八七年的「布倫特蘭報告」（Brundtland Report），迄今二十餘年，仍是一項持續發展中的課題與難題。永續發展的基本命題根植於「資源的有限性」與「科技的未知性」兩項前提，人們多方反思、反覆論辯，思謀因應之道，並懸為憲法規範或法律條文，據以提出解決方略，進行法制興革。緣此之故，本文回歸現代憲政法治之根基──民主，嘗試耙梳永續發展與民主政府之間的關聯面向與規範互動，期能厚植環境法治與永續發展的法理底蘊。

Since Brundtland Report has been made in 1987, sustainable development has become a specialized terminology and gained the official definition in the international community. Sustainable development is progressively not only a globally common language, but a fundamental principle of administrative guidance, policy formulation, and establishment of legal system. Even after twenty years, sustainable development is still a continuously issue and difficulty. The elementary proposition of sustainable development is rooted in “finiteness of natural resources” and “uncertainty nature of science and technology”. By multifaceted reflections and repeatedly debating, people try to find the solution to amend the constitutional norms and laws. Hence, this article returns to the basic of constitutionally rule of law: democracy and try to analyze and elaborate the relation and interaction between sustainable development and democratic politics; and wish can enrich the environmental legal contracture and the jurisprudence basis of sustainable development.