論文物藝術品攝影著作之保護與利用

The Protection ＆ Utilization of Cultural and Artistic Photographs

在文創產業受到關注的今日，與文創攸關的文物藝術品之攝影著作是否應受保護與應如何保護，卻在國內外都引發爭議。其中最有爭議者，乃在於忠實且完整呈現著作權已消滅之文物藝術品攝影著作是否可受保護。在國際間，受到Feist、Bridgeman等案件與Nimmer教授從原創性觀點切入的影響，此等文物攝影著作，似不易受到著作權之保護，我國雖將其區分為平面或立體，但仍以是否具有原創性作為可否受著作權保護的關鍵。不過除了證明原創性之外，文創機構亦可善用契約之約定，因此授權契約之約定亦成為文物藝術品轉化為數位內容時所必須注意的關鍵。

While many countries are proactively promote the development of cultural industry, an important issue is looming ahead, that is, how to protect and utilize the photographic works of cultural and artistic objects. To solve this problem, many issues emerged. Among all the issues, whether the photographs that faithfully reproduced the original works are subject to copyright protection is one of the most thory issue. In the international field, especially in the United States, following the seminal decisions of Feist and Bridgeman and Prof. Nimmer’s view, a work of “absolute fidelity” is considered non-copyright protectable for lack of orginality. However, in Taiwan, whether the photograph of a cultural and artistic work is subject to copyright protection is also depending on the originality. Even thought it is difficult to prove originality, the museums still can using contract to achive the purpose of protection and utilization the digitized products of the cultural and artistic works. As a result, licensing agreement is an important tool when utilizing the digital content.