物權的架構與風格──以不動產與動產抵押為例

Structure and Style of Property Law: The Case of Mortgage and Chattel Mortgage

本文從比較物權法的架構與風格異同出發，辨正物權的本質為具有排他、對世、追及效力之權利。本文進一步以不動產抵押與動產抵押為例，說明：比較法上雖然不動產抵押有被認定為物權、有認為是債權、有認為兩者皆非，但從物權的本質檢驗不動產抵押，即會發現不動產抵押乃典型之物權。從屬性並非不動產抵押是否為物權的重要因素。以同樣分析架構檢驗動產抵押，即會得出動產抵押乃典型物權之結論。本文並附帶指出現行動產抵押登記實務之缺失。

The structure of property laws is similar, while the styles are very different. Real estate mortgages in some jurisdictions are property rights; in some, contractual rights; and in some, neither. This demonstrates that styles in property laws are different. The nature of property right is the right to exclude, in remness, and running with assets - this is the common structure in property law. As real estate mortgages contain these three essential elements, they are typical property rights. Accessory relationship is not important for the purpose of ascertaining the nature of real estate mortgages. Applying the same analytical framework, this article contends that chattel mortgages are also typical property rights. This article also exposes the flaws of the current practice of chattel mortgage registration.