中文摘要 |
本稿以在日語教育上的應用為目的,以『基本動詞手冊』的記述為本,有系統的記述「切る」「切れる」在語意上的對應及不對應之處,並提供使用語料庫及語料庫工具於語言記述上的研究方法。當「切る」表具體的動作之意時,使用特定的工具或方法完成動作的事態無法有對應的自動詞用法。反之,不指定特定的工具或方法的事態則其自動詞用法能成立。當「切る」的語意抽象化時,使用特定工具或方法的用法之衍生用法,由於無法聚焦於事態的結果狀態,因此無法有對應的自動詞用法。而許多語意抽象化的「切る」都有對應的自動詞用法,這是因為這些動作對於對象物的影響較小,因此可以聚焦於事態的結果狀態。另一方面,若由「切れる」來看跟「切る」的語意對應關係,當把某狀態視為像自然現象般無法由外力控制時,或是主語為人時無法有對應的他動詞用法。此外,亦有無生物主語他動詞句、反身動詞句等非典型的他動詞句,以及語意慣用句化的的用法。透過本稿的考察,釐清了「切る」「切れる」之間的複雜的語意對應關係。 This paper aims to systematically describe the correspondence of the meanings of“kiru'' and“kireru'' based on the semantic description of“Handbook of Usage of Japanese Basic Verbs'', to apply the results to Japanese language education, and to propose as an approach of using corpus and corpus tools to describe language. When“kiru'' represents the meaning of a specific motion, the situation of using specific tools and methods does not have corresponding intransitive usage and also the case of reverse. When the meaning of“kiru'' abstracts, the meanings derived from the meaning representing the situation using specific tools or methods do not have corresponding intransitive usage, because it is difficult to focus on the result state. On the other hand, when a situation that cannot be controlled by external force like a natural phenomenon, or when the subject indicating human, it does not have corresponding transitive usage. There are also inanimate transitive construction, reflexive construction, and the idiomatic meaning. The complicated semantic correspondence of“kiru'' and“kireru'' was revealed in this paper. |